
Class m U Z(^3 

Book . 2 ^ l/V 5 



COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. 



A CONSECUTIVE VOCABULARY 



OF THE 



FIRST FOUR BOOKS 

OF 

CAESAR'S GALLIC WAR 



BY 

T. HOWARD WINTERS 



CEREDO, W. VA. 

SOUTHERN CLASSICAL PRESS 

1912 






Copyright, 

SOUTHERN CLASSICAL PRESS. 

1912. 



J. S. Gushing Co. — Berwick & Smith Co, 
Norwood, Mass., U.S.A. 



€CI.A314355 

A / 



PREFACE 

The waste involved in conducting a four-year Latin 
course in such a way that students have an insignificant 
vocabulary at its end has led to efforts to devise methods 
of definite acquisition of vocabulary. This book is an 
expression of such a method, and one that will at the 
same time avoid waste caused by the search for words. 
It is believed that this will give more time for word 
mastery, and also enable the student to get the thought 
of the author far better than if he were interrupted in 
his thinking by looking in the back of the book. 

This vocabulary usually gives the meaning of a word, 
not merely on its first occurrence, but several times, until 
it is marked for permanent master3^ It is intended that 
words so marked be reviewed repeatedly that they may 
not be forgotten. 

The preliminary lists were made by comparison of 
sixteen beginning books in general use. 

The definitions of the words were written after examin- 
ing the passages in which they occur in Grallic War^ I-VII, 
Catiline^ I-IV, Manilian Law^ Archias^ and Aeneid^ I-VI. 

That this book may be used with any edition of Caesar, 
the various manuscript readings have been compared and 
the words are all given in their proper place, but brackets 
enclose those which seem to belong to erroneous readings. 

The number of words marked for memorization is 863. 
Of these 390 are nouns (83 of these proper nouns), 283 

iii 



PREFACE 

are verbs, and 273 other parts of speech. Of the 307 
common nouns, 243 occur in the parts of Cicero mentioned 
above and 201 in Aeneid, I-VI. Of the 283 verbs, 207 
are in the Cicero and 199 in the Vergil. Of the 273 ad- 
jectives, etc., 219 are in the Cicero and 191 in the Vergil. 
Of the 92 words (excluding proper nouns) in neither, 
all are much like English or related to words of common 
occurrence or of great frequency in the Grallic War, 

It is thought the treatment of related words and of 
synonyms will be found to be most acceptable. 

The author is especially grateful to Professor J. C. Mes- 
sick, of Ohio Wesleyan University, for a careful reading 
of the proof and very valuable criticisms. His thanks are 
due also to Mrs. Edna R. Thornton Lake, of Hamilton, 
Ohio, for a critical reading of the manuscript ; to Professor 
S. C. Derby, of Ohio State University, and Dean C. N. 
Cole, of Oberlin College, for kindly encouragement ; and 
to Dean Frank B. Trotter, of West Virginia University, 
for courtesies in connection with the publication. 

April, 1912. 



IV 



EXPLANATION 

* indicates that the word does not again appear in the vocabulary, 

and should be mastered at once, 
t indicates that this meaning of the word is not again given. 
Exponents show whether the word is appearing for the second, third, 

etc., time. 
Genitive and Gender Omitted : 

Feminines in a of first declension ; 

Masculines in us of second ; 

Neuters in urn of second ; 

Feminines in io and also those in as of third (after first few 

pages) ; 
Masculines in us of fourth are marked 4. 
Principal Parts Omitted : 

Verbs of first like porta, portdre, portdui, portatus are marked 1 ; 
Verbs of fourth like audio, audire, audivl or audil, auditus are 

marked 4; 
The parts of a verb which is a compound of a verb that has pre- 
viously occurred (itself or another compound of it) are usually 
not given, but the compound referred to first is one which has 
parts like it. 
Reference Numbers : The numbers in black letter refer to the 
marginal number of the word on its previous (usually first) 
occurrence. 
C, V, : These letters follow the last appearance of the word in the 
Consecutive Vocabulary and indicate : 
C, that the word is found in the six orations of Cicero, viz. : Cati- 
line, I-IV, Manilian Law, Archias ; 
V, that the word is found in the first six books of the Aeneid ; 
0, that the word is found in neither of these. 
cf. = compare, and usually introduces synonyms which have pre- 
viously occurred, 
w. or 4- = with. 
Meanings in black-face italics are idiomatic or special. 



KEY TO PRONUNCIATION 



^ 


as in 


metal 


a 


a 


tale 


a 


a 


grass 


a 


<( 


cash 


a 


a 


disparage 


a 


a 


arm 


?' 


a 


pall 


a 


a 


care 


9 


= S 




€ 


= k 




ci 


= shi 




e 


as Id 


. me 


e 


a 


get 


e 


li 


erect 


e 


a 


merge 


g 


n 


get 


g- 


= 2 





i as m umt 

i '' idle 

i " sit 

^ = ngk 

o as in notion 

6 " not 

6 " absolute 

s = z 

si = shi 

ti = shi 

u = ou in fibrous 

u as in unit 

ii " us 

u " unite 

ii " sure 

y " mystery 



VI 



YOCABULARY 



[The student should ask the teacher to explain any feature of the vocabu- 
lary or any abbreviation which the student does not understand.] 

PKELIMmARY LISTS 

A: Words defined and inflected in the grammar 

qui, quae, quod, who, which, that: [relative pronoun, substantive 

or adjective] 
quis, quid, any one, anything ; [indefinite pronoun, substantive] 

c,v 

qui, quae or qua, quod, any ; [indefinite adjective pronoun] C, V 
quis, quid, who, what; [interrogative pronoun, substantive] C, V 
5 qui, quae, quod, which, v^hat ; [interrogative adjective pro- 
noun] C, V 
is, ea, id, that [adj.] ; he, she, it, that thing, (plu. mas., those') 

[substantive] 
hie, haec, hoc, this [adj.] ; this, this man, this thing [substantive] 

c,v 

ille, ilia, illud, that [adj.] ; he, etc. [substantive] C, V 

idem, e'adem, idem, the same [adj.] ; the same man, the same thing 
[substantive] C, V 
10 sum, esse, fui, futurus, he C, V 

unus, a, um, gen., iinius, dat., uni, oru, {only, alone) C, V 

duo, ae, o, gen., duorum, etc., tico C, V 

tres, tria, gen., trium, three C, V 

quattuor, indeclinable, /owr C, V 
15 quinque,^t'e 

sex, six 

septem, seven V 

octo, eight 

novem, nine C, V 
20 decem, ten C, V 

ego, mel, etc., / C, V 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

sui, sibi, se, se, no nom., ace. also sese, him (self), herself, itself, 
them{selves) [refers to subject of verb as its antecedent] C, V 

ipse, ipsa, ipsum, (Jie) himself (she) herself (it) itself, (they) 
themselves ; myself yourself ourselves C, V 

B : Words to be remembered from the introductory 

COURSE 

a or abf, w. abl., /rom; hy 
25 adf, w. ace, to, toward, near 

agerf, agri, m.., field; territory 

ago, 3, egi, actus, lead, drive ; do ; plead, treat 

altus*, a, um, high, deep C, V 

amicus*, /nenc? C, V 
30 animus, mind ; spirit, courage 

annus*, year C, V 

ante*, w. ace, before C, V 

arma*, orum, n., arms C, V 

atquef, and 
35 a.MQXoxit3iS, diiis, i., influence, prestige ; (authority) 

audio! , 4, hear 

aut*, or C, V 

aut — aut, either — or 

auxilium*, aid ; plu., auxiliary troops C, V 
40 bellum*, war C, V 

bonus*, a, um ; melior ; optimus, good, etc. C, V 

capiof, 3, io verb, cepi, captus, take, seize 

caputt, pitis, n., head 

castra*, orum, n., camp C, V 
45 causat, cause, purpose 

celeriter*, celerius, celerrime, quickly, etc. C 

circum, w. ace, around 

civis, is, c, citizen C, V 

civitasf, atis, f., state 
50 coepi*, isse, (coeptus sum, when modified by passive infinitive), 
began C, V 

cognosco, 3, novi, nitus, learn, find out, (perf ., " I have found 
out " — / knoiv) 

cogo, 3, coegi, coactus, (con for cum, + ago, 27), collect ; compel 

Conor*, 1, attempt C, V 

2 



PRELIMINARY LISTS 

consiliumf, plan 
55 consul*, lis, m., consul C, V 

co^iei\ , plenty ; plu., troops, (abundance) 

cornu, us, n., horn, wing (of an army) 

corpus, poris, n., hody 

cum*, w. abl., with C, V 
60 cum*, conj., when, since, although C, V 

def, w. abl., concerning 

deus*, god C, V 

dicof, 3, dixi, dictus, say, speak 

dies, ei, m., (rarely f.), day, space of time 
65 dot, ^^^^5 dedi, datus, give 

domus*, lis, f., (declension mixed 2 and 4), house, home C, V 

ducof, 3, duxi, ductus, lead 

dum*, conj., while, until C, V 

e or exf, w. abl., out of, from 
70 eof, ire, ii or ivi, itum, go 

eques*, equitis, horseman, cavalryman ; knight C, V 

equitatus*, iis, m., (masculines of 4tli will hereafter merely be 
marked 4), cavalry C 

ecus or equusf, gen., equi, horse 

ett, and C, V 
75 exercitus*, 4, army C, V 

existimo, 1, think 

exspecto, 1, await 

facilis*, e, easy C, V 

faciof, 3, feci, factus, make, do 
80 ferof, ferre, tuli, latus, lear, carry ; endure 

filia*, (dat. and abl. plu., filiabus), daughter C 

filius*, son C, V 

finis, is, m., end, boundary : territory ; (cf. ager, 26) 

flumen*, minis, n., river C, V 
85 fortis*, e, brave C, V 

frater*, tris, brother C, V 

frumentum*, grain : plu., grain growing or standing in the 
fields V 

Gallia, Gaul 

gero, 3, gessi, gestus, carry on, conduct 
90 gladius, sword 

3 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

gratia, favor, popularity ; gratitude, thanks 

habeof, 2, bui, bitus, ^have, hold 

Helvetii*, orum, the Helvetians (Hel-vi'-shi-ans) 

homo*, minis, c, man, person C, V 
95 hostis*, is, c, enemy C, V 

iam*, noiv, already C, V 

idoneus, a, um, Jit, suitable 

inf, w. ace, into, to, against, upon; w. abl., m; on (river, moun- 
tain, island) 

interf, w. ace, between, among 
100 interficio, (facio, 79), 3, feci, fectus, kill, slay 

ita, adv., so, thus ♦ 

itaque*, therefore C, V 

iterf , itineris, n., road, march ; route 

iubeo*, 2, iussi, sus, command (+ inf.) C, V 
105 latus*, a, um, broad C, V 

latusf, teris, n., side 

legatus*, lieutenant, general, ambassador C 

legio*, onis, f ., (the genitive and gender of nouns with nom. in 
io are always same as of this), legion C 

locust, (plu. n. or m.), place 
110 longusf, a, um, long 

magnus*, a, um ; maior ; maximus, large, great, etc. 

malo, malle, malui, prefer [raagis + volo, " wish more "] 

malus, a, um; peior; pessimus, bad, etc. 

manus, iis, f., hand ; band (of men, etc.) 
115 mare, ris, n., sea 

mensis, is, m., month 

miles*, litis, c, soldier C, V 

mitto*, 3, misi, missus, send C, V 

moneo*, 2, nui, nitus, advise, warn C, V 
120 mons, montis, m., mountain (range) 

moror, 1, delay 

moveo*, 2, vi, motus, move C, V 

multus, a, um; plus (nom. only in sing. ; plu., plSres, a) ; pluri- 
mus, much, etc. ; plu., many, etc. 

murus, wall 
125 nam, conj.,/or 

navis, is, f ., ship, boat 

4 



PRELIMINARY LISTS 

-ne, enclitic adverb, [untranslatable, but indicates that the sen- 
tence is interrogative] 

ne, conjunctive adverb, lest, that — not 

neque (nee), nor, and not 
130 neque (nee) — neque, neither — nor 

nihil*, indeclinable, nothing C, V 

nisi, conj., unless, [si + ne, " if not "] 

nolo, nolle, nolui, (non -|- volo), he unwilling, not wish 

nomenf, minis, n., name 
135 non*, adv., not C, V 

noster, tra, trum, our ; plu., our men, our people 

novusf, a, um, new 

nox, noctis, f., night \ 

numerus*, number C, V 
140 nunc, now; (cf. iam, 96) 

ob, w. ace, 071 account of 

omnis*, e, all C, V 

oppidum*, toivn C 

opus, peris, n., work 
145 parsj, rtis, f ., part 

parvus*, a, um; minor; minimus, S7nall, little, etc. C, V 

pater*, tris, father C, V 

pert, w. ace, through 

periculumf , danger 
150 persuadeo, 2, asi, sus, persuade ( + dat. of person) 

pes*, pedis, m.,foot V 

peto*, 3, tivi or ii, titus, seek, ask C, V 

ponof, 3, posui, situs, place, pitch (camp) 

pons*, pontis, m., bridge C 
155 populus*, people (sing, or plu.) C, V 

possum*, posse, potui, be able, can C, V 

post*, w. ace, after ; behind C, V 

potestas, atis, f ., power 

primus*, a, um, first C, V 
160 princeps*, cipis, c, leader, chief C, V • 

priusquam or prius quam, conj., before 

prof, w. abl.,/or, on behalf of 

proelium*, battle C, V 

proficiscor, sci, fectus sum, set out, depart 

5 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

165 prohibeo, (habeo, 92), debar, keep (^away), prohibit, ["hold 
forth "] 

-piovincia.*, province C 

proximus, a., um, [adv. and prep., prope, near; adj., propior, 
neai^er^, nearest, next 

puer*, pueri, m., boy, child C, V 

pugno*, 1, mtr., fight Q, V 
170 quamt, adv., than, [correlative adv., correlating w. comparative] 

-que*, enclitic, and C, V 

quodf, conj., because, that ; (cf. i, 3, 5) 

relinquo, 3, liqui, lictus, leave 

resf, rei, f., thing, fact ; matter 
175 Romanus*, a, um, Roman ; also as substantive, a Roman C, V 

saepe, saepius, saepissime, often, etc. 

satis, adv. and indeclinable noun, enough 

scio, 4, know ; (cf. cognosco, 51) 

sed*, conj., but C, V 
180 senatus*, 4, senate C, V 

sequorf, 3, secutus sviva, follow 

servus*, slave C 

si*, if C, V 

silva, forest 
185 similis, e, like 

sine, w. abl., loithout 

socius, ally 

spes*, ei, f., hope C, V 

subf, w. abl., under ; w. ace, under [i.e., to a position under] 
190 suus*, a, um, (adj. of 22), his, her, its, their; plu., his (etc.) men, 
his people C, V 

tam, adv., so 

tantus, a, um, so great, so much [often has quantus (= as) for 
correlate] 

tempus*, poris, n., time C, V 

tene5, 2, nui, ntus, hold 
195 trado, (cf. do, 65), 3, tradidi, traditus, (trans, 196 + do), give 
over, surrender 

trans, w. ace, across 

ubi, interrog. or relative adv., where, (ivhen) 

urbs*, bis, f., city C, V 

6 



BOOK I 

utf, or uti, conj., (50) tJiat; (w. uti cf. infin. of utor, 200) 
200 utorf, uti, usus sum, use (+ abl.) 

venio*, 4, veni, ventum (est), come C, V 

via, way, road ; journey 

vicus, village 

video*, 2, vidi, visus, see C, V 
205 vinco*, 3, vici, victus, conquer C, V 

vir, viri, m., man 

vis, vis, f., phi., vires, /orce [gen. seldom, dat. never found] 

voco, 1, call 

volo*, velle, volui, wish, he willing (w. inf. or ut) C, V 

COXSECUTWE VOCABULARY 

Book I: Chapter 1 

210 Gallia*, 88, Gaul C 

divido, 3, visi, sus, (dis, apart + video), divide 

incolo, 3, lui, inhabit; dwell 

Belgae*, arum, m., Belgians or Be?-gae 

alius, a, ud, (gen., alius), another, the other (adj. or substantive) ; 
plu., other (adj.), others (subst.) 
215 Aquitani*, the A-qni-ta'-ni-ans 

tertius*, a, um, (tres, 13), third C, V 

lingua, tongue, language 

Celtae*, arum, m., Qelts 

Gallus*, a Gaul C, V 
220 appell5, 1, call, name 

institiitum, (national) custom 

lex*, legis, f., law C, V 

differs, ferre, distuli, dilatus, (dis, 211 + fero, 80), differ C, V 

Garumna, ni., Ga-ronne' (a river) 
225 Matrona, m., Marne (a river) 

Sequana, m., Seine (pron. san) 

propterea, adv., (propter, on account of+ ea, from is), on account 
of this 

propterea quod (172), " on account of this, that" = because 

cultus, 4, civilization 
230 hnmanitas, atis, f., (hereafter nouns in as may be assumed to 
be feminine w. gen. atis), refinement 

7 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

longe, ius, issime, (longus, no), far, etc.; long (of time) 

absum, esse, afui, afuturus, be distant, be off; be lacking 

parve (rare), minus, minime, (parvus, 146), little, etc. 

mercator, oris, m., (hereafter nouns in or may be assumed to be 
masculine w. gen. oris), trader 
235 saepe*, 176, often C, V 

commeo, 1, make a visit C 

effemin5, 1, enervate 

pertineo, (teneo, 194; make prin. parts similarly), {ex)tend : 
w. ad, pertain to, concern 

importo, 1, (porto, carry), bring in 
240 proximus^, 167, nearest, next 

Germanus*, a German 

trans*, 196, across C, V 

Rhenus*, the Rhine C 

incolo^, 212, inhabit; dicell 
245 continenter, (teneo, 194), continually 

gero*, 89, carry on, conduct C, V 

de, 61, from, for 

quoque, adv., also 

reliquus (relicus), qua, quum (cum), (relinquo, 173), remaining, 
rest of 
250 virtiist, litis, f., bravery 

praecedo, 3, cessi, sus, (prae, before), surpass 

fere, adv., almost, about 

cotidianus, a, um, (dies, 64), daily 

contendo, 3, di, ntus, struggle {for) ; hasten 
255 aut — aut*, 38, either — or C, V 

finis*, 83, end, boundary, territory C, V 

prohibeo*, 165, debar, keep (away) , prohibit C, V 

obtineo, (per- 238; 194), hold (in possession) ; (cf. habeo, 92) 

initium, (in + eo), beginning 
260 initium capere (42), have beginning 

Rhodanus*, the Rhone 

contineo, (per- 238, ob- 258; 194; continenter, 245), bound, con- 
fine ; restrain, keep 

Garumna^, 224, Garonne 

oceanus, (Atlantic) ocean 
265 attingo, 3, tigi, tactus, touch, reach 



BOOK I 

etiam, adv., moreover, even 

ab, 072 the side of 

Sequanus*, a Sequanian 

vergo, 3, he situated 
270 septentrio, onis, m., (septem -j- trio, ox), "the seven oxen," iTie 
great dii')per or great hear ; north, (in plu., same) 

exter(us), ior, tremus or timus, outside; outer ; outmost, furthest, last 

orior, iri, ortus sum, arise, start; he descended 

pertineo^, 238, {ex) tend ; pertain to, concern 

infenis, ior, infimus or imus, helow, lower, etc. 
275 specto, 1,/ace; regard 

septentrio^, 270 

orior^, 272 

sol, solis, m., sun 

Aquitania*, A-qui-ta'-ni-a 
280 Garumna*, 224, Garonne 

Pyrenaei (adj. in Latin), Pyrenees 

mons*, 120, mountain (range) V 

oceanus*, 264, (Atlantic) ocean C, V 

Hispania, Spain 
285 specto^, 275 

occasus, 4, setting, (doivnfall) 

occasus s51is, sunset, the west 

Chapter 2 

apud, w. ace, before, at the house of (w. person in sing.) ; among 

(persons in pin.) ; at, near, hy (place) 
longe*, 231, /ar; long (of time) C, V 
290 nobilis*, e, nohle C 

dis, gen., ditis; ditior, ditissimus : or dives, vitis, divitior, divi- 

tissimus, rich, etc. V 
Orgetorix*, igis, m., Or-get'-o-rix 
Marcus*, (abbreviated M.), Marcus C 
Messala*, m., Mes-sa^-la 
295 Piso, 5nis, Pi'-so 

regnum, royal poioer 
cupiditas, desire 

induco or addSco, (duco, 67), persuade, lead (to some act) ; hring 
(to) ; (cf. persuadeo, 150) 

9 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

coniuratio, conspiracy 
300 nobilitas*, (nobilis, 290), nobility, {the nobles) C 

persuadeo*, 150, pei^suade (+ dat.) 

de, 2^7, from, for 

exeo, (eo, 70), go forth C, V 

perfacilis*, e, (facilis, 78), very easy 
305 praesto, 1, stiti, stilus or status, (+ dat.), excel; show; (cf. 
praecedo, 251) 

t5tus*, a, um, gen., totius, all, the whole of; (cf . omnis, 142) C, V 

imperium, government ; command 

potior, iri, itus sum, (possum, 156), get possession of (-\- abl.) ; 
become master (of, gen.) 

facile*, etc., (facilis, 78 ; 304), easily, etc. C 
310 undique, adv., on all sides ; (from all sides) 

natiira, nature 

contineo*, 262, bound, confine ; restrain, keep C, V 

ex, on 

pars, 145, side 
315 Helvetius*, a, um, (noun, 93), Helvetian 

divido*, 211, divide C, V 

alter, era, erum, gen., ius, second, (the) other, another (subst. or adj.) 

lura*, Jura (a mountain range) 

lacus, 4, lake 
320 Lemannus, Geneva or Leman (a lake) 

fio, fieri, f actus sum, (forms pass, of facio, 79), be made, become; 
happen 

Qi — QV", both — and C, V . 

parvef, 233, little, etc. 

late, latius, latissime, (latus, 105), widely, etc. C, V 
325 vagor, 1, wander 

finitimi, (finis, 83), neighbors 

infero, ferre, intuli. Hiatus, (dif- 223; 80), bring in, bring against 
or upon ( -\- dat. of person) 

pars, 145, 314, cause 

bello, 1, war, fight 
330 cupidus, a, um, (cupiditas, 297), eager, desirous, fond (+ gen.) 

dolor, grief 

afficio, (inter- 100; 79), cause to; treat with, affect with ; pass. 
-|- abl., experience, suffer 

10 



BOOK I 

pr5, 1^2, for, in proportion to 

multitudof, dinis, f ., (great) number ; (cf. numerus, 139) 
335 autem, conjunctive adv., hut, however, moreover 

gloria*, renoicn (+ gen. = in or for) C, V 

fortitud5*, dinis, f., (fortis, 85), bravery ; (cf. virtiis, 250) C 

angustus, a, um, narrow 

arbitror, 1, think; (cf. existimo, 76) 
340 in, w. ace. of terms of extension, in 

longitud5*, dinis, f., (longiis, no, longe, 231), length 

mille*, (sing, indecl. and usually adj.), millia or milia, ium, 
thousand C, V 

passus*, 4, (double) pace (= 4 ft. 10 in.) C, V 

mille passuum* (millc passus), Roman mile 
345 ducenti* (ae, a) quadraginta*, CCXL = 240 

latitude*, dinis, f., (latus, 105, late, 324), width 

centum* (indecl. adj.) octoginta*, CLXXX = 180 V(centura) 

pateo, 2, tui, extend ; be open (of lands) ; (cf. pertineo, 238) 

Chapter 3 

adduco^, 298, persuade, lead ; bring (to) 
350 auctoritas*, 35, influence, prestige ; (authority) C 

permoveo, (moveo, 122), arouse, influence 

constituo, 3, ui, utus, establish, determine (w. inf. or ut) ; place 

proficiscor^, 164, set out, depart 

pertineo*, 238, (ex) tend; w. Sid, j^ertain to, concern C 
355 (com)paro, 1, prepare ; provide 

iumentum, beast of burden 

carrus, cart 

quam, 170, w. superlative, as (positive definition of adj.) as 
possible (or possibly w. possum) 

co-emo, 3, emi, emptus, buy up 
360 sementis, is, f., sowing 

suppeto, (sub + peto, 152 ; part., -urns), be supplied, be at hand 

pax*, acis, f ., peace C, V 

amicitia*, (amicus, 2^) , friendship C 

confirmo, 1, strengthen, establish, reassure, (assert) 
365 ad, especially w. gerundive const., for 

c5nficio, (inter- 100, af- 332 ; 79), accomplish, complete ; (compose, 
write down) ; exhaust 

11 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

bienniiim*, (annus, 31), two years 

satis^, 177, enough 

duco, 67, "lead (through the mind)," consider 
370 in, 98, 340, w. time noun, /or 

profectio, (proficiscor, 164), departure 

confirmo"^, 364 

dux, ducis, c, (diico, 67), leader, (guide) 

deligo, 3,. legi, lectus, choose 
375 legatiS, (legatus, 107), embassy, mission 

suscipio*, 3, cepi, ceptus, (sub + capio, 42), undertake; w. reflex, 
dat., assume C, V 

Casticus, Cas'-ti-€us 

Catamantaloedis, is, Cat'-a-man'-ta-be'-dis 

regnum*, 296, royal power C, V 
380 in (98, 340, 370), w. abl. of tribal name, among, in the land of 

multus^, 123, much; plu., many 

obtineo*, 258, hold (in possession) C 

appello*, 220, call, name C, V 

occupo, 1, seize ; occupy 
385 ante(a), (ante, prep., 32), previously 

item, adv., likewise 

Dumnorix*, igis, Dum'-nor-ix 

Aeduus (or Haeduus), (an) ^e'-dii-an 

Diviciacus*, Di-vi-ci-a'-eus 
390 principatus, 4, (princeps, 160), leadership 

act — atque, 34, and 

magis* (comp.), maxime* (superl.), (no pos. in common use; 
cf. magnus, iii), more ; most, very greatly, especially C, V 

plebs, ebis, (also plebes, ei), f., populace ; (cf. populus, 155) 

accipiof, (sus- 376; 42), receive ; part, as adj., acceptable, agree- 
able 
395 in w. matrimonium*, as in 340, in 

matrimonium*, (mater, mother), marriage 

probo, 1, show, (ap)prove 

conata*, neut. part, of conor, 53, as subst., attempts (things 
attempted) 

perfici5t, (inter- 100, af- 332, con- 366; 79), accomplish, complete 
400 propterea quod^, 228, because 

imperium^, 307, government ; command 

12 



BOOK I 

dubius, a, um, doubtful C, V 

quin, conj., (hut) that 

multum, plus, plurimum, (multus, 123), much, etc. 
405 plurimum possum*, he very (or most) powerful C 

concili5, 1, win C, V 

c5nfirmo^, 364, strengthen, establish, reassure, (assert) 

5ratio*, speech C 

adducof, 2.g%, persuade, lead; bring (to) 
410 fidesf, ei, f., (nom. and ace. only, found in plu.), (pledge of) 
faith, protection : confidence 

ius, iuris, n., right{s), law; (cf. lex, 222) 

iuro, 1, swear, take oath 

ius iiirandum, iuris iurandi, n., oath 

occupoj, 384, seize, occupy 
415 potens, entis, (possum, 156, potior, 30S) , poive?ful 

firmus, a, um, (confirmo, 364), strong, stable 

potior^, 308, get possession of (-^ abl.), become master (of, gen.) 

spero, 1, hope 

Chapter 4 

indicium, evidence, (informers) C, V 
420 e-niintio, 1, disclose 

mos*, oris, ni., custom; (cf. institiitum, 221) C, V 

vinculum, chai?i 

ex vinculis, in chains 

causam dico, plead a case or cause 
425 cogo-, 52, collect ; compel 

damno, 1, convict, find guilty C, V 

poena, punishment, penalty 

oportet, ere, ortuit, befitting ; be necessary 

ignis*, is, m.,fire C, V 
430 cremo*. 1, burn V 

dies*, 64, day, space of time C, V 

constituo=2, 352, establish, determine; place 

dictio, onis, f., (causam dico, 42^), pleading 

iudicium, (ius, 411 + dico) , trial ; (decision, judgment) 
435 familia*, household, family C 

ad (25, 365), up to, to the number of, about [with numbers, etc.] 

undique, 310, from all sides 

13 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

cogo3, 425, 52 

cliens, entis, c, dependent 
440 obaeratus, debtor 

eodem, adv., to the same place (or end) 

conduce, (67, ad-, in-, 298), "lead together," gather 

causam dico*, plead a case or cause 

eripio, 3, pui, reptus, (rapio, snatch), rescue, (take away) 
445 ob*, 141, on account of C, V 

incite, 1, arouse; accelerate; (cf. adduco, induco, 298) 

ius^, 411, right{s), laiv 

exsequor, (sequor, 181), "follow out," enforce V 

magistratus*, 4, magistrate, magistracy C, V 
450 cogo*, 52, collect; compel 

morior, iri or i, mortuus sum, part., moriturus, (contrast moror, 
121), die 

neque*, 129, nor, and not 

absum^, 232, be distant, be off; be lacking 

suspicio*, suspicion C 
455 ut, 199, w. indie, as or when 

arbitror^, 339, think 

quin^, 403, (but) that 

mors*, rtis, f., (morior, 451 ; contrast mos, 421), death C, V 

conscisco, 3, scivi, scitus, adjudge, inflict (upon, dot) 

Chapter 5 

460 nihilo (abl. of nihilum = nihil, 131) minus (233), "by nothing" 
the less, nevertheless 

constituof, 352, establish, determine; place 

ubi*, 197, where, (when) C, V 

ad3, 365, /or 

paro*, 355, prepare ; provide C, V 
465 arbitror^, 339, think 

ad^, 436, up to, to the number of, about 

duodecim*, XII = 12 Q 

vicus*, 203, village C 

quadringenti*, ae, a, CD = CCCC = 400 
470 relicusf, 249, remaining, rest of 

privatus*, a, um, private C 

aedificium*, (facio, 79), building, [edifice'^ C 

14 



BOOK I 

incendo*, 3, di, census, set onjlre, kindle; (cf. cremo, 430) C, V 
praeterf, w. ace, beyond, except; besides 
475 porto*, (im- 239), ca?Ty V 

comburo*, 3, bussi, bustus, burn up; (cf. cremo, 430, incendo, 

473) 

reditio, return 

tollo, 3, sustuli, sublatus, raise, lift up ; take (away) 

subeo, (70, ex- 303; but subitus), undergo, encounter; go under, 
enter 
480 mensis*, 116, month V 

molo, 3, lui, litus, grind 

cibaria, orum, food-stuff; (cf . frumentum, 87) 

molita cibaria, flour 

quisque, quaeque, quidque (subst.), quodque (adj.), each 
485 efferof, ferre, extuli, elatus, (80, dif- 223, in- 327), carry out 

Rauraci*, Raw'-ra-^i 

Tulingi*, Tii-lin'-gi 

Latobrigi*, Lat-o-bri^-gi 

finitimi^, 326, neighbors 
490 exuro*, (comb- 476), burn up C, V 

una, adv., (from unus, 11), along, together 

proficiscor^, 164, set out, depart 

Boil*, Boii (pronounced Bo'-yi) 

incolo*, 212, inhabit; dwell V 
495 Noricus, a, um, N6r'-i-can 

transeof, (70, ex- 303, sub- 479 ; no perf. part. ; fut. part., transi- 
turns), cross 

Noreia, Noreia (N6r-e'-ya, a town) 

oppugno*, (pugno, 169), attack, besiege C, V 

recipio, (sus- 376, ac- 394; 42), recover, receive 
500 socius*, 187, ally C, V 

ascisco, (con- 459), affiliate, adopt 

Chapter 6 

omnino, (omnis, 142), altogether, at all 
angustus^, 338, narrow 
difficilis*, e, (facilis, 78), difficult C, V 
505 vix, with difficulty, hardly 

qua (via), "by which way," where 

15 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

singuli, ae, a, one by one ; separate 
carrus*, 357, cart 
autem^, 335, hut, however^ moreover 
510 impendeo, 2, overhang 
perpauci, ae, a, very few 
alter^, 317, second, the or an-other 
multo*, adv., (abl. of multus, 123; cf. multum, 404), (by) much 

c,v 

expedio, 4, disentangle, get ready ; part., free, unimpeded, light- 
armed (often as subst.) 
515 propterea quod*, 228, because C 

Allobroges*, um, (ace. plu. as), Al-16b'-ro-ges C 

nuper, recently 

paco, 1, (pax, 362), pacify, subjugate 

fluo*, 3, fluxi, xum, (flumen, 8/^),floiv V 
520 non null!*, adj. or subst., " not none," some C 

vadum, /o?y/, shoal 

exter(us)2, 271, outside; outer; outmost, furthest, last 

proximus*, 167, nearest, next 

Genava* or Geneva, Geneva (a city), (cf. Lemannus, 320) 
525 vel — vel, either — or ; (cf . aut — aut, 38) 

nondum*, (non + dum, 68), not yet C, V 

animus^, 30, mind, spirit, courage 

in, 98, 340, 370, 380, 395, toward 

videor, (pass, of video, 204), " be seen," seem 
530 existimo^, 76, think 

Y\s% 2.0T, force 

patior, 3, passus suva., permit (w. inf.) ; endure; (cf. fero, 80) 

profectio*, 371, departure C 

comparo*, 355, prepare, provide C 
SBS dico, 63, 424, name 

ad, 25, 365, 436, at 

ripa, bank 

conveniof, (venio, 201), assemUe ; meet (sometimes transitive) 

ante diem, (in dates) " day before " (an ordinal modifying diem ; 
and an ace. expression of date after these words — such as 
Kalendas — is rendered into English as the object of "be- 
fore") C 
540 quintus*, a, um., fifth C 

16 



BOOK I 

Kalendae*, arum, f., Calends^ first day C 
Aprilis*, e, (of) April 
Lucius*, (abbrev., L.), Lucius C 
Piso*, 295 
545 Aulus* (abbrev., A.) Gabinius, Aw'-lus Ga-bin'-i-us C 

Chapter 7 

Caesar, ris, Caesar 

nuntio*, (e- 420), announce, report V 

matur5, 1, hasten ; (cf . contendo, 254) 

proficiscor*, 164, set out, depart C, V 
550 quam^, 358, as — as possibly 

ulterior*, ultimus, /a r^Aer, etc. V 

contendo^, 254, struggle {for) ; hasten 

pervenio*, (201, con- 538), arrive C, V 

impero*, 1, (imperium, 307), command (w. ut ; cf. iubeo, 104) 
C, V 
555 omnino^, 502, altogether, at all 

rescindo, 3, scidi, scissus, tear down 

adventus*, 4, (ad + venio), approach, arrival C, V 

certus*, a, um, certain C, V 

certior(em) facio* (79), inform (certior agrees w. name of in- 
formed) C 
560 legatio*, 375, embassy, (mission) 

Nammeius, Nammeius (Xam-me'-yus) 

Verucloetius, Yer-U-cloe'-ti-us 

princeps, cipis, (noun, 160), chief (ly) ; first (often as if adv.) 

sine*, 186, without C, V 
565 uUus*, a, um, gen., ius, any {one) C, V 

maleficium*, (male, hadly + facio), harm C 

aliusf, 214, another, the other; plu., other (adj.), others (subst.) 

nullus*, a, um, gen., ius, no {one) C, V 

rogo, 1, ask 
570 voluntas, (volo, 209), wish; (good) icill, consent 

licet, ere, cuit or licitum est, be permitted 

Caesar*, 546 C, V 

memoria*, memory C 

teneo*, 194, hold C, V 
575 Cassius*, Cassius (Cash'-yus) C 

c 17 



CAESAK D. B. G. 

occido, 3, cidi, cisus, (ob + caedo, cut)^ slay ; (cf. interficio, loo) 

pello, 3, pepuli, pulsus, drive, rout 

iugum, yoke ; ridge (of hills) 

concedo, (prae- 251), yield, grant 
580 puto, 1, think; (cf. existimo, 76, arbitror, 339) 

inimicus*, a, um, (amicus, 29), unfriendly C, V 

animusf, 30, mind, spirit, courage , 

facultas, opportunity ; ability ; (supply ; plu., means, resources) 

tempero, 1, refrain, (part., temperate) : moderate, restrain ( + ace. 
or dat.) 
585 iniuria, (ius, 411), damage, injustice, icrong 

existimo*, 76, think C 

tamen, adv., nevertheless, yet 

spatium, space (of time) 

intercedo, (prae- 251, con- 579; part., -surus), intervene, exist (as 
relation between) 
590 respondeo*, 2, di, sponsus, reply C, V 

delibero*, 1, deliberate, consider (the question) C 

sumo, 3, mpsi, mptus, take, exact, assume 

ad, 536, at 

Idus*, uum, f.. Ides; 15th of Mar., May, Jul. or Oct., 13th of 
other months; (cf. Kalendae, 541) C 
595 reverter, ti, verti, versus, (deponent in pres. system but not in 
perf.), return 

Chapter 8 

interea*, (inter, 99; for formation cf. propterea, 227), mean- 
while C, V 

lacus*, 319, lake V 

Lemannus*, 320, Geneva or Leman 

influo*, (fluo, 519), empty (into) 
600 decern novem = undeviginti*, XIX — 19 

murus*, 124, wall C, V 

in, 98, to, or possibly 340, in 

altitudof, dinis, f., (altus, 28), height, depth 

sedecim*, XVI = 16 
605 fossa, ditch, trench 

perducof, (67, ad-, in- 298, con- 442), lead through, construct 

opus*, 144, ivork C, V 

18 



BOOK I 

praesidium, garrison, guard, (protection) 

dispone, (dis, 211 + pono, 153), distribute 
610 castellum, outpost, redoubt, fort 

(com)inunio, 4:, fortify 

quo, conj., '• by which," in order that 

invitus, a, um, unwilling 

revertor^, 595, return 
615 nego*, 1, deny, say not C, V 

exemplum, example, precedent 

iter, 103, passage 

visf, 2.0T, force 

vim facio* (79, 559), exercise {use) force 
620 ostendo, (ob + tendo, stretch; con- 254), show 

deicio, 3, ieci, iectus, cast down (from), disappoint (in) 

navis*, 126, ship, boat C, V 

iungo, 3, iunxi, iunctus, join 

ratis, is, f., j^aft 
625 complures, a(ia), gen., ium, (cf. multus, etc., 123), (a good) 
many (subst. or adj.) 

alius — alius (214), one — another; the one — the other; plu., 
some — others 

vadum^, ^21, foj^d, shoal 

qua^, 506, where 

non numquam, ''not never," sometimes; (cf. non nulli, 520) C 
630 interdiu, adv., (inter, 99 ; dies, 64), by day 

noctii*, adv., (nox, 138), by night 

perrumpo, 3, rupi, ruptus, break through V 

munitiS, (munio, 611), fortification, intrenchment; (line of defense) 

concursus, 4, " running together," onset 
635 telum, (thrown) weapon ; (cf . arma, 33) 

repello, 3, reppuli, repulsus, (pello, 577), drive back 

c5natus*, 4, (conata, 398), attempt C 

desisto, 3, stitl, stiturus, cease 

Chapter 9 

relinqu5*, 173, leave C, V 
640 via*, 202, way, road: journey C, V 
invitus^, 613, unwilling 
propter*, w. ace, (propterea, 227), on account of C, V 

19 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

angustiae, arum, (angustus, 338), narrow pass(es), (straits, i.e., 
difficulties) 

sponte, abl. of defective f. noun, of (one's) own accord 
645 deprecator, intercessor C 

impetro, 1, (contrast impero, 554), obtain (a request); (pass., 
he granted) 

gratia^, 91, favor, popularity ; gratitude, thanks 

largitio, liberality, bribery C 

apud^, 288, before^ at the house of; among ; at, near, by 
650 in matrimonium (395) duco*, " lead in marriage " = marry 

cupiditas^, 297, desire 

novae (137) res (174)*, "new things," revolution 

studeo, 2, dui, be eager (for), (-w. dat.) 

quam^, 358, as — as possible 
655 multus*, 123, mwc^; plu., ?wan?/ 

beneficium, (bene, icell + facio), kindness 

obstring5, 3, strinxi, strictus, bi7id, obligate 

impetro^, 646 

patior^, ^s^, permit ; endure 
660 obses, obsidis, c, hostage 

perficio, 399, arrange C, V 

ne*, 128, lest, that not C, V 

iniuria^, 585, damage, injustice, wrong 

Chapter 10 

renuntio*, (547, e- 420), report (back) C 
665 Santones, um, (also Santoni), San'-to-nes 

Tolosates, ium, Tol-o-sa'-tes 

absum^, 232, be distant, be off; be lacking ' 

fio^, 321, be made, become, happen 

intellego, 3, lexi, lectus, (inter, 99 + lego, choose; cf. deligo, 374), 
perceive 
670 bellicosus, a, um, (bellum, 40, bello, 329), warlike 

inimicus*, (adj., 581, amicus, 29), (personal) enemy ; (cf. hostis, 

95) c 

pateo^, 348, extend, be open 

frumentarius, a, um, (friimentum, 87), productive (of grain), 

grain (as adj.) 
finitimi*, 326, neighbors C, V 

20 



BOOK I 

675 munltio'^, 6s3i fortification, {intrencliment) ; (line of defense') 

Titus* (abbrev., T.) Labienus*, Ti'-tus La-bi-e'-nus (Titus, C) 

praeficio, (inter- loo, af- 332, con- 366, per- 399 ; 79 ; prae, 251), 
place over, put in command of (w. dat.) 

Italia*, Italy C, V 

contendo^, 254, struggle {for) ; hasten 
680 ibi, (cf. ubi, 197), there 

c5nscribo, 3, scrips!, ptus, (scribo, icrite), enlist 

circum*, 47, around C, V 

Aquileia, Aquileia (a city), A-qui-le'-ya 

hiemo, 1, winter 
685 hiberna, orum, icinter quarters 

ediico*, (67, ad-, in- 298, con- 442, per- 606); lead out, {draw out) 
C, V 

qua^, 506, where 

Alpes, ium, f., the Alps 

Ceutrones, um, m., Qeii'-tro-nes 
690 Graioceli, orum, Graioceli, (Gra-yo'-9e-li) 

Caturiges, um, m., Cat-iir-i'-ges 

superus, ior, supremus or summus, above; higher ; highest, great- 
est, the top of 

complures^, 625, (a good) many 

pello^, 577, drive, rout 
695 Ocelum, Oc'-e-liim (a town) 

citerior, citimus, nearer, etc.; (cf. idterior, 551) 

exter(us)^, 271, outside; outer; outmost, furthest, last 

Vocontii, orum, Yo-con'-ti-i 

Septimus*, a, um, seventh V 
700 inde, thence, from there, after that 

Segiisiavi, orum, Se-gu-si-a'-vi 

extra*, w. ace, (exterus, 271), outside of, beyond C, V 

Chapter 11 

angustiae^, 643, narrow pass {es), {straits, i.e., difficulties) 
tradiic5*, (trans + duco, 67; cf. e-, etc., 686), lead across ; (con- 
trast transeo, 496) 
705 (de)populor, 1, lay waste, ravage 

defendo, 3, di, fensus, protect ; icard off 
rogo^, 569, ask 

21 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

ita*, loi, so, thus C, V 

de^,2^7,from, for; (61) 
710 mereo, 2, rui, ritus, (also deponent), deserve 

paene, almost; (cf. fere, 252) 

conspectus, 4, (specto, 275, ex- 77), sight 

vasto*, 1, lay waste, ravage ; (cf . depopulor, 705) C, V 

liberi, orum, c., (but constructed m.), (liber, /ree), children; (cf. 
pueri, 168) 
715 servitus*, utis, f., (servus, 182), slavery C 

abduco*, (67, e-, etc., 686, tra- 704), lead away V 

expugno, (169, op- 498), storm, take by storm 

debeo, 2, bui, bitus, (de, 247 + habeo, 92), oive ; ought (+ inf.) ; 
(perf . part., due) ; (cf. oportet, 428) 

Ambarri, orum, Am-bar^-ri 
720 necessarius, (close) friend, relative C 

consanguineus, (sanguis, blood) ^ kinsman 

depopulor^, 705, lay waste, ravage 

item^, 386, likewise 

possessio*, possession ; plu., property 
725 fuga*, flight C, V 

me recipio, 499, " recover (one's) self," betake (one's) self, retreat 

demonstro, 1, show, explain ; (cf . ostendo, 620) 

solum, eai'th (soil), ground C, V 

relicum*, gen., reliqui, (relicus, 249), remainder, (gen., left) C 
730 exspecto^, 77, await 

statuo, (con- 352), j9Zace ; determine, decide; (cf. pono, 153) 

fortuna*, (good) fortune C, V 

consumo, (sumo, 592), use up; spend 

in, among, in the land of (as 380, although here ace.) 
735 Santones or ni^, 665 

Chapter 12 

Arar, Araris, (ace. im), m., the Saone (a river) 
incredibilis*, e, unbelievable C, V 
lenitas, smoothness C 
oculus*, eye C, V 
740 uter, tra, trum, gen., utrius, which (of two) [interrogative subst. 
or adj.] 
pars, 145, 314, 328, direction 

22 



BOOK I 

iudico, 1, (iudicium, 434), decide, judge ; (cf. statuo, 731, con- 

352) 

ratis^, 624, raft V 

linter, tris, f., skiff 
745 iungo*, 623, join C, V 

expl5rator, scout 

quartus*, a, um, (quattuor, 1^), fourth C, V 

fere^,. 252, cdmost, about 

ver5, adv., truly; hut 
750 citra, w. ace, (citerior, 696), on this side of 

Arar^, 736, the Saone 

de, 61, 247, w. vigilia, in, during 

vigilia*, watch (one of four parts of night) C 

impedio*, (ex- 514, pes, 151), hinder, encumber, entangle C, V ^ 
755 inopinans, antis, surprised, not expecting (it) 

aggredior, 3, gressus sum, attack; (cf. oppugno, 498) 

concid5, (oc- 576 ; contrast concede, 579), slay, cut off\: (cf . in- 
terficio, 100) 

mando, 1, entrust, commission 

in, w. ace, in, as in 340, 395 
760 silva*, iS/^, forest V 

abdo, (tra- 195; 65), hide (often reflexive) 

pagus, district 

Tigurinus, Tig-u-ri'-niis (a Gallic district) 

nam*, 125, for C, V 
765 noster*, 136, our ; plu., our men, our people C, V 

interficio"^, 100, kill, slay 

iugum^, 578, yoke ; ridge (of hills) 

sive — sive (or seu), (si + -ve, or), whether — or 

casus, 4, (contrast causa, 45), chance, accident ; disaster 
770 immortalis*, e, (morior, 451, mors, 458), immortal C, V 

insignis, e, notable; distinguished C, V 

calamitas*, misfortune, disaster ; (cf. casus, 769) C 

infero^, 327, bring in, bring against or upon (+ dat. of person) 

princeps2, 563, chief (ly) ; first 
775 poena^, 427, punishment, penalty 

persolvo, 3, vi, solutus, pay V 

non solum (contrast solum, 728) — sed etiam (266), not only — 
but also 

23 



CAESAK D. B. G. 

publicus*, a, um, public C 
iniuria^, 585, damage, injustice, wrong 
780 ulciscor, 3, ultus sum, avenge 
socer, ceri, son-i7i-laio V 
avus, grandfather 

Tigurini, orum, (cf. 763), Tig-u-ri'-ni 
interficio^, 100, kill, slay 

Chapter 13 

785 facio, 79, coinjilete, finish 

consequor, (sequor, iSi), pursue, overtake; attain 

Arar^, 736, the Saone 

euro, 1, care for, arrange 

repentinus, a, um, sudden 
790 commoveo, (122, per- 351), arouse, influence 

viginti* (indecL), XX = 20 V 

aegre, (aeger, sick), with difficulty; superlative, w. greatest d. ; 
(cf. vix, 505) 

conficio^, 366, accomplish, complete ; (compose, write down) ; ex- 
haust 

intellego^, 669, perceive 
795 Divico*, onis, Div'-i-eo 

Cassianus, a, um, (Cassius, 575), Cassian, with Cassius 

dux*, 373, leader, (guide) C, V 

ago^, 27, lead, drive ; do; plead, treat 

ibi^, 680, there 
800 sin, hut if C, V 

persequor, (con- 786; 1^1), pursue 

persevero, 1, persist (w. inf. translated as in + gerund) 

reminiscor, 3, recall (w. gen.) 

vetus, veteris ; vetustior; veterrimus, oZ(f^/, long-standing; former 
805 incommodum, discomfiture ; (cf. casus, 769, calamitas, 772) C 

pristinus, a, um, previous 

(de) improviso, (provideo, /oresee), unexpectedly 

pagus^, 762, district 

adorior, (orior, 272), "rise toward," a^^acA: ; (cf. oppiigno, 498, 
aggredior, 756) 
810 ne, (cf. 128), adv., chiefly w. imperative (jussive) subj. and 
optative subj., not 

24 



BOOK I 

magnopere, or magno opere, (144), very much 

(at)tribuo, 3, ui, utus, assign^ attribute ; {bestow) 

despicio, 3, spexi, ectus, despise 

maior, (m), as subst., ancestor 
815 disco, 3, didici, learn; (cf. cogiiosco, 51) 

magis, 392, rather 

contendo*, 254, struggle {for); hasten C, V 

dolus, (contrast dolor, 331), trick (ery) 

insidiae, arum, ambush, ambuscade ; plots 
820 nitor, 3, nisus or nixus sum, rest (on), depend (upon) ; advance, 
strive; (w. abl. of means) 

quare*, ''because of which, (what) thing," wherefore, why? C, V 

committo, (niitto, 118), join (battle, usually); entrust, commit; 
bring about (+ ut) ; (cf. mando, 758) 

consisto, (de- 638, but no part, stem), (contrast constituo, 352), 
take a stand, halt ; settle, rest 

interneci5, (complete) slaughter, annihilation 
825 prodo, (tra- 195, ab- 761 ; 65), "give forth," transmit, betray 

Chapter 14 

is, ea, id, 6, this 

minus*, 146, as subst., less 

dubitatio, hesitation, (doubt) C 

commemoro, 1, (memoria, 573), mention 
B30 eo — quo, in that degree — in which, the — the, (each of the cor- 
relatives standing w. a comparative) 

graviter, (gravis, heavy), heavily, violently, severely, with vexation 

meritum, (mereo, 710), desert(s) 

accido, 3, di, (cado, fall), befall, happen 

aliqui, qua, quod, some, any; (cf. qui, 3) 
835 aliquis, qua, quid, any one, anything ; some one, something; (of, 
quis, 2, lillus, 565) 

iniuria*, 585, damage, injustice, wrong C, V 

conscius, a, um, (scio, 178), conscious, aware V 

cave5, 2, cavi, cautus, make (one's) self safe (without reflexive) ; 
avoid C 

decipio*, (sus- 376, ac- 394, re- 499; 42), mislead V 
840 neque — neque*, 130, neither — nor C, V 

committo^, S22, join; entrust, commit; bring aboui 

25 



CAESAR U. B. G. 

intellego^, 669, perceive 

timeo*, 2, mui, /ear, be afraid (of) C, V 

puto^, 580, think 
845 quod, (i, 172), before si, hut 

vetus^, 804, old, long-standing ; former 

contumelia, mistreatment 

obliviscor, 3, litus s\xm, forget (w. gen. ; cf. reminiscor, 803) C, V 

num, sign of question, implying negative answer ; translate by 
stating negative and then asking question : " I am not . . ., 
ami?" C, V 
850 etiam^, 266, 7noreover, even 

recens, ceniis, fresh, late 

invitus^, 613, unwilling 

per, 148, hy (means of) ; (by, in swearing) 

tempto (tento), 1, ti^y, (make an) attempt (upon) 
855 Ambarri^, 719 

vexo, 1, molest 

depono, (153, dis- 609), lay aside, put away 

victoria*, (vinco, 205), victory C, V 

tarn*, 191, so C, V 
860 insolenter, immoderately, arrogantly C 

gl5rior, 1, (gloria, 336), boast 

diii, diiitius, dintissime, (for a) long (time) 

impiine, (poena, 427), without punishment, with impunity V 

infero, 327, without dat. of person, inflict 
865 (ad)miror, 1, wonder (at), admire, (not constructed with ut) 

c,v 

e5dem2, 441, to the same place (or end) 

consuesco, 3, evi, etus, become accustomed; perf., have become 
accustomed; hence, be accustomed, be wont 

enim, conj.,/t)r; (cf. nam, 125) 

quo^, 612, in order that 
870 graviter^, 831, heavily, violently, severely, (loith vexation) 

commutatio, (muto, change), change 

doleo, 2, lui, (dolor, 331), grieve 

scelus, leris, n., crime; (cf. maleficium, 566) C, V 

ulciscor^, 780, avenge 
875 secundus, a, um, (sequor, 181), second; prosperous, favorable 

interdum, (contrast interea, 596, interdiu, 630), sometimes 

26 



BOOK I 

res, IT ^, fortune, {property) 

diuturnus, a, um, (diu, 862), long-continued C 

impunitas, (impune, 863), exemption from punishment, impunity 
880 conced5-, 579, yield, grant 

tamen^, 587, nevertheless, yet 

obses^, 660, hostage 

polliceor, 2, pollicitus sum, promise 

intellego^ 669, perceive 
885 infero'^, 327, bring in, bring against or upon 

item^, 386, likeidse 

satisfacio, 3, feci, factums, (satis, 177 + facio), (w. dat. of per- 
son), satisfy, make reparation (de, 247, /or) 

maior*, 814, ancestor C 

instituo, (con- 352 ; 731; institutum, 221), train, arrange {for), 
start 
890 cSnsuesco^, 867, become accustomed : be accustomed, be icont 

testis, is, c, witness 

responsum*, (respondeo, 590), 7^eply C, V 

discedo, (parts like inter- 589; prae- 251, con- syg), depaii, with- 
draw 

Chapter 15 

posterns, rior, tremus or tumus, (post, 157), following ; latter, rear; 
latest, last 
895 praemitto, (118, com- 822; prae, 251), send ahead 

cupide, (cupiditas, 297, cupidus, 330), eagerly 

novissimus, 137, "newest," last, rear 

agmen, minis, n., column (of an army marching) 

insequor, (181, con- 786, per- Soi), pursue 
900 alienus, a, um, (alius, 214), another's, unfavorable, foreign 

committo^, 822,yc>m; entrust, commit ; bring about « 

pauci, ae, a, (perpauci, 5ii),/ez(; 

de, 61, 247, 752, after words of number, of 

cado, 3, cecidi, casurus, (ac- 833; casus, 769), fall {in battle) 
905 toll52, 478, raise, lift up : take {away) 

quingenti*, ae, a, D = 500 

tantus*, 192, so great, so much C, V 

propello, 3, puli, ulsus, (577, re- 636), " drive forth," dinve off 

audacter*, adv., (audax, bold), boldly 

27 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

910 subsisto, (parts like con- 823 ; de- 638) , make a stand V 

non numquam^, 629, sometimes 

lacesso, 3, sivi (sii), situs, harass 

satis*, 177, enough C, V 

habe5, 92, hold, consider 
915 praesens, entis, (being) present 

in praesentia (temj>ora, 193), /or the present 

praesentia (noun), the present, presence C 

rapina, plundering (translate plu. same) C 

-pahuldiiiOj foi^aging (expedition) ; i^lu., foraging 
920 populatio, (populor, 705), ravaging (plu. same) 

circiter, adv., about 

quindecim*, XV = 15 

amplius, (neuter subst., originally comparative adj.), more 

quini, ae, a, (quinque, is), Jive (each) V 
925 seni, ae, a, (sex, 16), six (each) V 

inter'sum, (10, pos- 156, ab- 232), intervene ; impers., be to the 
interest (of, gen.); have apart in (+ dat.) 

Chapter 16 

interim, (interea, 596), meanwhile ; (contrast interdum, 876) 

cotidie, adv., (cotidianus, 253), daily 

poUiceor^, 883, promise 
930 piiblice, officially 

flagito, 1, demand C, V 

frigus, goris, n., cold (plu. same) C, V 

sub (189) septentrionibus (270), " under the great dipper,'' in the 
north 

ut^, 455, as ; when 
935 ante(a)^ 385, previously 

pono, 153, perf. pass., " have been placed " = be situated 

non modo, not only, = non solum, 777 

maturus, a, um, (maturo, 548), ripe; early 

ne quidem, (cf. ne, 810), not even 
940 pabulum, (pabulatio, gig), fodder 

copia, 56, supply 

suppet52, 361, be supplied, be at hand C 

autem^, 335, but, however, moreover 

Arar*, 736, the Saone 

28 



BOOK I 

945 subveho, 3, vexi, vectus, carry up, bring up V 

propterea^, 227, on account of this C 

averto, 3, ti, rsus, (revertor, 595), turn away, turn aside 

discedo^, 893, depart, icithdraw 

n51o*, 133, be unwilling, not wish C 
950 ex, 69, 313, 423, after 

duc5, 67, 369, prolong, put off 

confero, ferre, contuli, collatus, (80), gather (sometimes reflex.) ; 
compare ; attribute ; defer 

comporto, (im- 239; 475), "carry together," collect-, convey 

adsum, esse, affui, futunis, (10, ab- 232, inter'- 926), be near, be 
present 
955 diu2, 862, (/or a) long (time) 

intellego*, 669, perceive C 

insto, 1, stiti, staturus, (prae- 305), ajoproach, impend 

metior, 4, mensus sum, measure, deal out 

oportef-^, 428, be fitting, be necessary 
960 convoco, (voco, 208), call together 

c5pia, 56, 941, number 

in, 380, among 

Liscus*, Liscus 

praesum, esse, fui, (praesens, 915, is part.; prae, 251; adsum, 
etc., 954), be in charge of 
965 vergobretus, ver'-go-bret 

creo, 1, elect 

annuus, a, um, (annus, 31), yearly; as if adv. V • 

vita, life 

nex, necis, f., (internecio, 824), death (not by natural cause) ; 
(cf. mors, 458) C, V 
970 in^, 734, among 

potestasf, 158, power 

graviter^, 831, heavily, violently, severely, (ivith vexation) 

acciis5, 1, arraign 

emo, (CO- 359), buy 
975 sumo^. 592, take, exact, assume 

necessarius, a, um, (noun, 720), urgent 

propincus, nqua, ncum, gen., nqui, (prope, 167), near 

sublevo, 1, lift; assist; (cf. tollo, 478) 

praesertim, especially 

29 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

980 ex, IN, like 423 

preces, um, f., (in sing, also abl., ace, dsit.), prayers 
etiam^, 266, moreover, even 
destituo, (con- 352, in- 889 ; 731), abandon 
queror, 3, questus sum, complain (of) 

Chapter 17 

985 turn, then 

demum, adv., at last 

ante(a)*, 385, previously C, V 

taceo, 2, cui, citus, be silent (about) 

propono, (153, dis- 609, de- 857), set before (4- dat.), set forth; 
disclose ; present 
990 apud^, 288, before, at the house of; among ; at, near, by 

plebs^, 393, populace 

multum^, 404, much 

valeo, 2, lui, liturus, be strong 

plurimum valeo, be very strong ; (cf . plurimum possum, 405) 
995 privatim, in a private capacity ; unofficially 

plus possum, (cf. 405), be more powerful 

seditiosus, a, um, mutinous 

improbus, a, um, base C, V 

deterreo, 2, rui, ritus, intimidate ; prevent 
1000 confero^, 952, gather; compare; attribute; defer 

[praesto, 305, w. ace. of thSxig, furnishl 

debeo^, 718, owe, ought; (perf. part., due) 

praesto^, 305, he better 

principatus*, 390, leadership 
1005 imperium^, 307, government ; command 

perfero*, (80, dif- 223, in- 327, ef- 485, con- 952), bear, endure C, V 

[praefero, (80, per-, etc., 1006), carry before ; place before ; prefer'] 

dubito, 1, (dubitatio, 828), hesitate, doubt 

quin^, 403, (but) that 
1010 supero, 1, (superus, 692), surpass; overcome; survive; (cf. prae- 
cedo, 251, praesto, 305, vinco, 205) 

una^, 491, along, together 

libertas*, (liberi, 'ji^), freedom 

eripio^, 444, rescue, take away 

enuntio^, 420, disclose 

30 



BOOK I 

1015 co-erceo, 2, cui, citus, (arceo, keep off), restrain; (cf. contineo, 
262) C, V 

quin, adv., (403), nay ; verily 

etiam^, 266, moreover, even 

necessarius^, 976, urgent 

[necessario, adv., unavoidably^ 
1020 quantus, a, um, how much, hoiu great; as (w. tantus, 192); neut. 
sometimes subst. 

quam (170, 358) diu (862), as long as C 

taceo^, 988, be silent (about) C, V , ■ 

Chapter 18 

designo, 1, indicate C, V 

sentio, 4, sensi, sensus, feel ; perceive ; (cf. intellego, 669) 
1025 praesens*, 915, 964, (being) present C, V 

iacto, 1, toss ; discuss 

concilium*, (contrast consilium, 54, but the one is sometimes 
used for the other), council V 

dimitto, (118, com- 822, prae- 895 ; dis, 211), send away, send out; 
dismiss ; (let go, let pass) 

retineo, (194, per- 238, ob- 258, con- 262), keep (back) 
1030 quaero, 3, quaesivi (ii), situs, (contrast queror, 984), ask 
(about), seek out; (cf. peto, 152, rogo, 569) 

solus*, a, um, gen., ius, (solum, 777), alone; (cf. iinus, 11) 

conventus, 4, (convenio, 538, adventus, 557), assembly, (court) 

libere, (liberi, 714, libertas, 1012)^ freely, boldly C 

secreto, secretly 
1035 reperio, 4, repperi, repertus, discover 

verus, a, um, true, (right) 

verum, truth, fact 

superusf, 692, above; higher; highest, greatest, (the top of) 

audacia*, (audacter, 909), boldness C 
1040 apudf, 288, before, at the house of; among ; at, near, by 

plebs^, 393, populace C 

liberalitas*, (libere, 1033), generosity C 

gratia*, f^i, favor, popularity ; gratitude, thanks C, V 

cupidus^, 330, eager, desirous, fond (+ gen.) C 
1045 complures^, 625, (a good) many 

portorium, (porto, 475), (customs) duties 

31 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

vectigal, alls, n., (snb-veho, 945), revenue, tax 
pretium, price 

redimo, (co- 359 ; 974), l)uy hack, redeem; buy up; procure 
1050 liceor, 2, citus sum, (contrast licet, syi), bid 
contra, adv., opposite, in opposition 
audeo, 2, ausus sum, (contrast audio, 36 ; cf . audacter, 909, 

audacia, 1039), dare 
nemo, ace. neminem, dat. -i, gen. and abl. supplied from nullus, 

568, (ne, 810 + homo, 94), no one 
res (877) familiaris, (familia, 43$) , private property C 
1055 augeo, 2, auxi, auctus, (auxilia, 39), increase 

facultas^, 583, opportunity ; ability ; {supply ; plu., means, 

resources) 
largior, 4, largitus sum, bribe C 
sumptus, 4, (sumo, 592), expense C 
semper, always 
1060 alo, 3, alui, al(i)tus, nourish, clierisJi, support 
solum — sed etiam^, 777, only — but also C 
finitimus*, a, um, (noun, 326), neighboring C, V 
largiter, abundantly 

potentia*, (possum, 1^6), power (= potestas, 158); (cf . vis, 207, 
imperium, 307) V 
1065 causa, abl. of 45, for the sake (of) 

mater*, tris, (matrimonium, 396), mother C, V 
in^, 380, among, in the land of 
Bituriges, um, Bit-iir-i'-ges 
illic, there {~ ibi, 680) V 
1070 potens*, 415, powerful C, V 

colloco, 1, (locus, 109), place; settle (upon, dat. of person), 

marry (to, dat. of person) ; (cf. pono, 153, statuo, 731) 
uxor, oris, wife 
soror*, oris, sister C, V 

soror ex matre, half-sister on (one's) mother's side 
1075 propincus, 977, as subst., kinsman; (cf. consanguineus, 721, 
necessarius, 720) 
propinqua, female relative 

nubo, 3, niipsi, nuptus, marry (on bride's part) ; (cf . in matri- 
monium ducb, 650, on groom's part ; colloco, 1071, or in 
matrimonium do, Chapter 3, on guardian's part) 

32 



BOOK I 

faveo, 2, favi, fautum., favor (w. dat.) C, V 

cupio, 3, cupivi(ii), itus, (cupiditas, 297, cupidus, 330), desire 
(w. inf. or ut ; cf . volo, 209) ; wish well (to, dat.) 
1080 affinitas, (finitimi, 326), relationship (by marriage) 

odi, odisse, (perf. form, pres. meaning), hate 

etiam-|-, 266, moreover, even C, V 

nomen, 134, account C, V 

deminuo, 3, ui, utus, (parve, etc., 233), lessen; take away (from} 
1085 anticus, iqua, icum, gen., iqui, (ante, 32, 385), old, ancient, for- 
mer ; (antonym, novus, 137; cf. vetus, 804, pristinus, 806) 

honor* (honos), honor C, V 

restituo, (con- 352, in- 889, de- 983; 731), restore, (renew) 

accido*, 833, befall, happen 

imperium*, 307, government, command C, V 
1090 non modo — sed etiam^, 777, 937, not only — but also 

despero*, (spero, 418, spes, 188), lose hope, despair of C 

reperio^, 1035, discover 

quaero^, 1030, ask (about), seek out 

equester*, tris, tre, (eques, 71, equitatus, 72, ecus, 73), cavalry V 
1095 adversus, a, um, (from adverto, turn to; cf. a- 947, re- 595), 
opposite ; unsuccessful 

pauci*, go2, few C, V 

initium^, 259, beginning 

praesum^, 964, be in charge of 

perterreo, (de- 999), (thoroughly) frighten 

Chapter 19 

1100 cognosc52, 51, learn, find out; perf., know; (cf. intellego, 669, 
sentio, 1024, reperio, 1035) 

accedo, (parts as inter- 589; dis- 893; prae- 251, con- 579), 
approach ; be added 

obses*, 660, hostage 

curo^, 788, care for, arrange 

non modo — sed etiam^ 777, 937, not only — but also 
1105 iniussu, (as if ith decl. abl.; cf. iubeo, 104), icithout (one's) com- 
mand C 

insciens, entis, (negative of pres. part, of scio, 178; cf. also 
conscius, 837), not knowing it 

accuse^, 973, arraign C 

D 33 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

arbitror^, 339, think 

animadverto, (animus, 30; averto, 947, re- 595; adversus, 1095), 
''turn the mind to," notice; w. in (+ ace), punish 
1110 repugno, (169, op- 498, ex- 717), make resistance ; tend to counter- 
act (yf. dat.) 

studium, (studeo, 653), eagerness; zeal, devotion; {study) 

voluntas^, 570, wish, (good) will, (consent) 

egregius, a, um, distinguished, excellent 

fides, 410, good faith, loyalty 
1115 iustitia*, (ius, 411, indicium, 434, iiidico, y/[2), fairness C, V 

temperantia, (tempero, 584), moderation C 

cognosce^, 51, learn, find out; perf., know 

supplicium, punishment ; (cf . poena, 427) 

animus, 30, feelings 
1120 offendo, (de- 706), displease, hurt C 

vereor, 2, veritus sum, fear ; (stand in awe of) ; (cf . timeo, 843) 

prius quam*, 161, before C, V 

quisquam, quodquam, adj., any; (cf . qui, 3, aliqui, 834, iillus, 565) 

quisquam, quidquam or quicquam, subst., any one, anything ; (cf. 
quis, 2, aliquis, 835, iillus, 565) 
1125 voco*, 208, call C, V 

cotidianus'^, 253, daily 

interpres, etis, c, interpreter; (agent) V 

removeo*, (122, per- 351, com- 790), remove C, V 

Gaius, (abbreviated C), Gaius (Ga'-yus) [praenDmen] 
1130 Valerius*, Val-e^-ri-us [nomen] C 

Troucillus, Troii-9ir-lus [cognomen] 

[Procillus, Pro-9ir-lus] 

familiaris, is, m., (adj., 1054, familia, 43s), personal friend, inti- 
mate friend ; (cf . amicus, 29) 

colloquor, 3, lociitus sum, confer 
1135 simul, adv., at the same time 

commonefacio, (79; moneo, 119), impress upon (one) 

ostendo^ 620, show 

separatim, (related to paro, 355), separately 

quisque'-^, 484, each 
1140 hortor*, 1, urge, exhort, encourage C, V 

offensio, (offendo, 1120), displeasure, wounding C 

animus^, 1 1 1 9, feelings 

34 



BOOK I 

vel — veP, 525, either — or 
causa^, 424, case, cause 
1145 cognosce^, 51, investigate 

statuo'^, T^i, place; deterinine, decide 

Chapter 20 

lacrima, tear 

complector, 3, plexus sum, embrace C, V 

obsecro, 1, implore, adjure ; (cf . rogo, 569, peto, 152) C 
1150 gravisf, e, (graviter, 831), heavy ; serious 

statuo^ 1 146 

scio^, 178, know; (cf. cognosco, 51, intellego, 669, sentio, 1024) 

verum*, 1037, truth, fact C, V 

nee, variety of neque, 129, nor, and not 
1155 quisquam^, 1124, any one, anything 

multum*, 404, much C, V 

dolor^, 331, grief 

capio, 42, 260, experience, suffer 

minimum = minime, 233, least 
1160 minimum possum, "be least powerful," Aave very little power; 
(cf. plurimum possum, 405) 

adulescentia, youth(fulness) C 

cresco, 3, crevi, cretus, grow, rise, increase C, V 

gen. opis, ace. opem, (nom., dat. sing, wanting), f., ability; aid ; 
plu., wealth, resources ; (cf. facultates, 583, copiae, 56, 941) 

nervus, sinew, power, (Jboicstring) C, V 
1165 non solum* — sed, 777, not only — but C 

ad3, 365, /or 

minuo, (de- 1084), trans, and intrans., lessen 

paene^, 711, almost 

pernicies, ei, f., (nex, 969, internecio, 824), destruction 
1170 tamen^, 587, nevertheless, yet 

amor, (amicus, 29), love C, V 

fraternus, a, um, (f rater, 86), of {one' s^ brother (s) 

existimatio, (existimo, 76), opinion 

vulgus (vol-), i, N., (ace. in um also occurs), common people, 
(common soldiers) 
1175 commoveo^, 790, arouse, influence 

apud, 288, with 

35 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

nemo*, 1053, no one C, V 

voluntas*, 570, wish, {good) icill ; consent 

animus^, 1 1 1 9, /ee//n^6- 
1180 averto-^, 947, turn away^ turn aside 

verbum, word 

fleo, 2, flevi, fletus, z^'eep 

dextra, right hand C, V 

prendo (prehendo), 3, di, ensus, seize, grasp V 
1185 consolor, 1, comfort C 

rogo^, 569? «^*^ 

oro, 1, (oratio, 408), entreat, asJc ; (cf. peto, 152, rogo, 569, obse* 
cro, 1 149; quaero, 1030) 

tantum, (tantus, 192, as subst.), so much; gen., tanti, of so much 

WORTH 

apud^, 1 176, with 
1190 ostendo^, 620, show 

res publicaf, rei publicae, (174, 778), republic, commonwealth 

dolor^, 331, grief C, V 

preces^, 981, prayers C, V 

condono, 1, sacrifice, pardon on account of (dat.) 
1195 adhibeo, (pro- 165, 92), add ; have present ; invite; employ, exercise 

reprehendo, 3, di, hensus, (prendo, 1184), Uame C 

queror^, 984, complain (of) 

propono^, 989, set before, set forth ; disclose ; present 

in, 340, in (w. ace.) 
1200 relicus, 249, w. tempus, to come, future 

vito, 1, avoid 

praeterita, orum, (praetereo = praeter, 474, beyond + eo, 70), past 
things, the past C 

custos, odis, c, guard; (cf. praesidium, 608) 

ago^, 27, lead, drive ; do ; plead, treat 
1205 loquor, (col- 1134), speak; (cf. dico, 63) 

scio*, 178, know C, V 

Chapter 21 

explorator*, 746, scout 

sub, 189, w, mountain, etc. : ace, up to (the foot of); abl., at the 

foot of 
consido, 3, sedi (sidi), sessurus, sit together ; settle ; encamp 

36 



BOOK I 

1210 qualis, e, interrog., of what sort, what C, V 

naturaf, 311, nature 

circuitus, 4, (circum, 47, + eo, 70), roundabout course ; circuit 

ascensus, 4, ascent 

cognosce*, 51, 1 145, learn, find out; perf., know ; (investigate) 
1215 def, 752, in, during ; (also 61, 247) 

'praetor, praetor C 

pro (162) praetore, icith a praetor's powers 

iugum^, 578, yoke, ridge (of hills) 

ascendo, 3, di, ensus, (noun, 1213), climh to, climb up 
1220 ostendo*, 620, show C, V 

Publius*, (abbrev. P.), Pub'-li-us [praenomen] C 

Considius*, C6n-sid'-i-iis 

res (174) militaris*, (miles, 117; res familiaris, 1054, res 
publica, 1 191), military science C 

peritus, a, um, skilled (in), experienced (in), (w. gen.) 
1225 habeof, 914, hold, consider 

Sulla, ae, m., Siil'-la C 

post(ea), adv., (post, 157, posterns, 894; for formation cf. 
interea, 596, propterea, 227), afterward 

Crassus*, Cras'-sus C 

praemitto*, 895, send ahead C, V 

Chapter 22 

1230 lux*, liicis, f., light C, V 

prima (159) luce*, " by first light," at daybreak 

absum*, 232, be distant, be off ; be lacking C, V 

ut^ 455? w. indie, as or when 

postea'^, 1227 
1235 captivus*, (capio, ^2), prisoner 

comperio, (re- 1035), ascertain; (cf. cognosco, 51, disco, 815) 

admitto, (118, com- 822, prae- 895, di- 1028), admit, let in; let 
go {at full speed) ; {permit, commit) 

accurro, 3, curri (cucurri), cursum (est), run up (to) 

Gallicus*, a, um, (Gallia, 88, Gallus, 219), Gallic C 
1240 insigne, is, n., (adj., 771), distinctive sign, badge; signal; uniform 

collis, is, m., hill; (cf. mons, 120) 

subduco, (67, ad- 298, con- 442, per- 606, e- 686, tra- 704, ab- 716), 
draw up (ships) ; withdraw 

37 



CAESAK D. B. G. 

acies, ei, f., edge (of a weapon), keenness; battle line; {pitched , 

battle^ ; (cf . agmen, 898) 1 

instruo, 3, uxi, uctus, arrange ; equip 
1245 utf, 455, w. indie, as, when 

praecipio, (sus- 376, ac- 394, re- 499, de- 839, 42), direct, (antici- 
pate) C, V 
committor, 822, join (battle) ; entrust ; commit ; bring about ( + ut) 
nisi*, 132, unless C, V 

prope, prep. w. ace. and adv., (167; propincus, 977), near(ly) 
1250 undique*, 310, on all sides ; (from all sides) C, V 

impetus, 4, (peto, 152), attack, assault; energy, violence 
fio*, 321, be made, become, happen C, V 
exspecto*, 77, await C, V 

abstineo, (per- 238, ob- 258, con- 262, re- 1029; 194), refrain, 
(restrain) V 
1255 mult5 (123) die (64), " in much day," late in the day ; (cf. prima 
luce, 1 231) 
demqvie,f nally 

timor*, (timeo, 843), /ear C, V 
perterreo*, 1099, (thoroughly) frighten C 

consuesco^, 867, become accustomed; perf., be accustomed, be 
wont 
1260 inter vallum*, (inter, 99), interval, distance C, V 

Chapter 23 

postridie, adv., (posterns, 894, dies, 64), on the morrow 
omnin5^, 502, altogether, at all 
biduum, (biennium, 367; bis, twice), two days 
super'sum, (10, pos- 156, ab- 232, inter'- 926, ad- 954, prae- 964), 
be left, remain ; survive 
1265 metior^, 958, measure, deal out 

oportet*, 428, be fitting, be necessary C 

Bibracte*, is, n., abl. e or i, Bi-brac'-te 

copiosus, a, um, (copia, 56), "full of abundance," wealthy, rich; 

(cf. dis, 291) C 
amplius*, 923, more C ■ 
1270 duodeviginti*, indecL, " two from 20 " = XYIII = 18 

res (174) frumentaria (673), grain (surPLY); (cf. copia, 941); 
(cf. res familiaris, 1054, res militaris, 1223) 

38 



BOOK I 

prospicio, (de- 813), look forth ; descry, foresee ; provide {for), 
( + dat. or ut clause) C, V 

averto*, 947, turn away, turn aside V 

per^, 853, hy {means of) ; by (in swearing) 
1275 fugitivus, (fuga, 725), runaway slave C 

Aemilius, ^e-mil'-i-us C 

decurio, onis, (decern, 20), decurion (having charge of 10 cav- 
alrymen) 

seu — sive^, 768, whether — or 

discedo*, 893, depart, withdraw C, V 
1280 pridie, adv., on the day before (sometimes + gen.) ; (cf. postri- 
die, 1261) 

committo*, S22, join (battle) ; entrust, commit; bring about (+ ut) 
C,V 

res frumentaria^, 1271 

intercludo, 3, clusi, sus, (claudo, shut), shut off 

confid5, 3, fisus sum, (fides, 410), believe, trust (in), (+ dat. or 
inf.); rely (on), (+ dat. or abl.) 
1285 (com)miito, 1, change; (exchange) 

converto, (a- 947, animad- 1109, re- 595), tuim (about), alter 

a, 267, on, in 

novus^, 897, superlative, last, rear 

agmen*, 898, column (of an army marching) 
1290 insequor^, 899, pursue 

lacesso^, 912, harass 

Chapter 24 

postquam, conj., (post, prep., 157, adv., 1227), after 
adverto, (perf. part., adversus, 1095; a- 947, animad- 1109, con-, 
1286, re- 595), turn to (w. animum and 2d ace); cf. 
animadverto, 1109) V 
[animadverto^, 1109? notice; w. in + ^cc, punish^ 
1295 collis2, 1241, hill 

subduco^, 1242, draw up (ships) ; withdraw 
sustineo, (per- 238, abs-, etc., 1254), hold (up); endure; with- 
stand 
impetus*, 1251, attack, assault; energy, violence C, V 
interim*, 927, rneanwhile C 
1300 medius, a, um, (in) the middle (of), (in) the midst (of) 

39 



CAESAE D. B. G. 

triplex*, plicis, (tres, 13), triple V 

acies^, 1243, (edge^ keenness) ; battle line; (pitched battle) 

instruo^, 1244, arrange ; equip 

veteranus, a, um, (vetus, 804), veteran 
1305 [ita (loi) uti (455), just as'] 

[supra, adv., (superus, 692), above; before'] 

iugum*, 578, yoke ; ridge (of hills) V 

citerior*, 696, nearer 

proxime, adv., (adj., 167), last 
1310 conscribo*, 681, enlist C 

C0II0C52, loyi, place ; settle; marry (to, dat.) 

compleo, 2, plevi, etus, Jill^ cover 

sarcinae, arum, soldiers' packs 

confero*, 952, gather (sometimes reflex.); compare; attribute; 
defer C, V 
1315 consisto^, 823, take a stand, halt; settle, rest 

miinio^, 611, fortify 

impedimentum, (impedio^ 754), hindrance ; plu., baggage 

confertus, a, um, (part, of confercio), dense, crowded together; 
{stuffed) 

reicio, (de- 621), throw back, drive back; (reject) 
1320 phalanx*, ngis, f., (Greek ace, nga ; plu., ngdis) , phalanx V 

sub^, 1208, ace, up to (the foot of); abl., at the foot of 

succedo, (inter- 589, prae- 251, con- 579, dis- 893, ac- iioi), (go 
under); approach ; (stand next); succeed 

Chapter 25 

primum*, adv., (adj., 159, priusquam, 161, princeps, 563), first 

C,V 
deinde, then, next ; (contrast denique, 1256) 
1325 conspectus*, 712, sight C, V 
aequo, 1, (make) equal V 
tollo^, 478, raise, lift up ; take (away) 
cohortor*, (hortor, 1140), urge, exhort, encourage 
pilum, javelin 
1330 perfringo, 3, fregi, fractus, (per, 148, + frango, break), break 

through C 
disicio, (de- 621, re- 1319; dis*, 211, apart [C, V]), throw apart, 

scatter 

40 



BOOK I 

gladius*, go, sword C 

destringo, (ob- 657), unbind, unsheathe C 

ad^, 365,/or 
1335 pugna*, (pugno, 169), Jight, hattle ; (cf. proelium, 163) C, V 

impedimentuin^, 1317, hmdrance ; plu., baggage 

plures, 123, ''more than one/' several ; (cf. com- 625) 

scutunij shield 

ictus, 4, (disicio, etc., 133 1), blow V 
1340 tTa.nsfigOy 3y iixi, iixns, (figo, fasten), pierce thi'ough V 

coUigo, (de- 374, Intel- 669), gather together, fasten together; (cf. 
comporto, 953, confero, 952, cogo, 52, conduce, 442) 

f errum, iron ; (iron point, shaft, blade ; sword) C, V 

inflecto, 3, exi, exus, bend 

evello, 3, li, vulsus, pull out 
1345 sinistra, left hand ; (cf. dextra, 1183) V 

commode, conveniently, easily 

diu^, 862, (for a) long (time) 

iacto^, 1026, toss ; discuss C, V 

bracchium, (fore) arm 
1350 praeopto, 1, (praef, 251, before), prefer ; (cf. malo, 112) 

manus*, 114, hand; band 

emitto, (118, com- 822, prae- 895, di- 1028, ad- 1237), send forth, 
discharge (weapons); let go, let fall 

nudus, a, um, bare, unprotected C, V 

corpus*, 58, body C, V 
1355 tandem, (contrast tamen, 587), at length, (cf. denique, 1256); 
in questions and commands, pray 

vulnus, neris, n., wound 

defessus, a, um, weary, exhausted 

refero, ferre, rettuli, relatus, (80, dif- 223, in- 327, ef- 485, con 
952, per- 1006, prae- 1007), bring back, return, report 

pedem (151) refero, retreat 
1360 [subsum, esse, (10, super'-, etc., 1264), be near; be off} 

circiter*, 921, about 

[spatium^, 588, space (sometimes, of time)] 

e5, the?'e, to that place ; there, in that place 

me recipio^, 726, betake (one's) self, retreat 
1365 succedo^, 1322, (go under); approach; (stand next), succeed 

claud5, 3, clausi, sus, (inter- 1283), close, shut (in) 

41 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

novissimus*, 897, last, rear C, V 

praesidium^, 608, garrison, guard, {protection) 

ex% 313, on; (cf. 69, 423, 950) 
1370 ab, 2^, from, hy ; 267, on the side of; 1287, on, in 

latus*, 106, side ; flank Q, V 

apertus, a, um, open, unprotected ; (cf. nudus, 1353, patens, 348) 

aggredior^, 756, attack 

circumvenio, (201, but circum- has perf. part., con- 538, per- 553), 
surround ; betray 
1375 conspicor, 1, (cf. despicio, 813, pro- 1272, specto, 275, ex- 77), 
observe 

rursus, adv., (reverter, 595), again 

insto^, 957, approach, impend 

redintegro, 1, rejiew 

converto^, 1286, turn (about) ; (alter) 
1380 slgmxm., signal ; standard ; (cf. insigne, 1240) 

bipertito (bipartito), (bis, twice; pars, 145), in two divisions C 

signa infero (327), charge 

signa conversa infero, turn and charge 

secundus^, 875, second ; prosperous, favorable 
1385 acies^, 1243, (edge, keenness) ; battle line ; (pitched battle) 

submoveo, (122, per- 351, com- 790, re- 1128), drive away, dislodge 

resist5, (con- 823, sub- 910, de- 638), resist, withstand (+ dat.); 
halt 

sustineof, 1297, ^old (up) ; endure; withstand 

[excipio, (sus- 376, ac- 394, re- 499, de- 839, prae- 1246, 42), take 
up, capture ; receive ; meet} 

Chapter 26 

1390 anceps, cipitis, (caput, 43), double, doubtful C, V 

acriter, acrius, acerrime, sharply, fiercely, etc. 

alter (317) — alter, the one — the other; plu., the one party — the 
other; (cf. alius — alius, 626) 

me recipio*, 726, betake (one's)self, retreat, "recover (one's) self" 

adj, 536, at; (or 25, to) 
1395 impedimentumf, 1317, hindrance; plu., baggage 

hora*, hour C, V 

ad, 25, 365, 436, 536, until 

vesper*, peri or ris, m., (no plu.), evening V 

42 



BOOK I 

multus, as in 1255, late in the 
1400 nox*, 138, night C, V 

vallum, rampart; (cf . murus, 124) 

obicio, (de- 621, re- 1319, dis- 1331), throw in the way, throw up; 
expose; oppose 

teluni^, 635, (thrown) weapon 

conici5, (ob-, etc., 1402), cast ; drive 
1405 raeda (reda), (four-wheeled Gallic) ivagon 

[rota, wheel] 

matara, Celtic javelin ; (cf. pilum, 1329) 

tragula, (barbed ?) dart, or lance hurled by a thong 

subicio, (con-, etc., 1404), throw under, (place below, expose) ; 
throw up (from beneath) 
1410 vulnero*, 1, (viilnus, 1356), wound C 

potior^, 308, get possession o/(+ abl.), become master (of, gen.) 

ibi*, 680, there C, V 

e, 69, 313, 423, 950, after numerals and indefinites, of 

triginta*, XXX = 30 Y 
1415 super'sum^, 1264, be left, remain; survive 

continenter^, 245, continually 

eo, 70, move on C, V 

iter, 617, passage 

intermitto, (118, com- 822, prae- 895, di- 1028, ad- 1237, e- 1352), 
interrupt ; cease ; let pass 
1420 Lingones*, um, (ace. plu. also as), Lin'-go-nes 

vulnus*, 1356, wound C, V 

sepultiira, burial 

occido-, 576, slay 

triduum, (biduum, 1263), three days 
1425 moror*, 121, delay V 

littera, letter 

niintius*, (nuntio, 547), messenger; message C, V 

neve, (cf. sive, 768; ne, 128), '• or lest," or 

(ad)iuvo, 1, iuvi, iutus, help 
1430 intermitto^, 14 19 

Chapter 27 

inopia, (opis, 1163), want; (antonym, copia, 56, 941) 
deditio, (de-do), surrender 

43 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

proicio, (de- 621, re- 1319, dis- 1331, ob- 1402, con- 1404, sub- 1409), 
throic forward ; cast aside 

suppliciter, (supplicium, 11 18), humbly V 
1435 loquor^, 1205, speak 

fleo^, 1 182, weep 

tvLm.% 985, then 

pareo, 2, rui, iturus, obey C, V 

eo^, 1363, ther^e, to that place ; there, in that place 
1440 postquam*, 1292, after V 

obses*, 660, hostage C 

perfugi5, 3, fugi, (fuga, 725, fugitivus, 1275), desert 

posco, 3, poposci, demand ; (cf. flagito, 931, peto, 152, rogo, 569, 
obsecro, 1149, oro, 1187) 

conquiro, (quaero, 1030), seek for ; (cf. peto, 152) 
1445 mttrmiito^, i^ig, interrupt, cease ; let pass 

pagus^, 762, district 

Verbigenus, Ver-big'-e-nus (a district) 

sive — sive^, 768, ivhether — or 

trado^, 195, give over, surrender 
1450 supplicium^, iiiS, punishment 

afficio^, 332, cause to, treat with, affect with; (pass. 4- abl., 
experience, suffer) 

salus, utis, f., safety 

induco'2, 298, persuade, lead (to some act) ; bring (into, in) 

dediticius, (deditio, 1432), surrendered man; (cf. captivus, 

1235) 
1455 occulto, 1, conceal; (cf. abdo, 761) C, V 
omnino^, 502, altogether, at all 

ignoro, 1, (cf. cognosco, 51), 7iot know; pass., be unknown C, V 
prima (159) nocte (138), (cf. prima luce, 1231), at nightfall; 

(cf. multa nocte, 1399, 1400) 
egredior, (ag- 756), go forth, (disembark) 

Chapter 28 

1460 rescisco, (con- 459, a- 501), learn about; (cf. cognosco, 51, 

reperio, 1035) 
conquir52, 1444, seek for 
reduco*, (67, ad-, in- 298, con- 442, per- 606, e- 686, tra- 704, ab- 

716, sub- 1242), lead back, (bring or draw back) 

44 



BOOK I 

purgo, 1, (purus, clean, + ago, 27), pai^don, clear; (cf. condono, 

1 194) 
perfuga, ae, m., (verb, 1442, fuga, 725), deserter ; (cf. fugitivus, 

1275) 
1465 tradof, 195, give over, surrender 

deditio^, 1432, surrender 

unde, (cf. undique, 310; inde, 700), whence, from ivhicli, from 
ichom 

revertor^, 595, return 

frux, ugis, f., usually plu., crops (properly other than frumentuni, 
87, or fructus, 1470) V 
1470 [fructus, 4, /rwiY (of trees)] C 

amitto, (118, inter-, etc., 1419), lose 

fames, is, f., hunger C, V 

tolero, 1, endure; {support, satisfy); (cf. fero, 80, patior, 532, 
sustineo, 1297) C 

copia^, 941, supply 
1475 facio, 79, 785, give 

restituo"^, 1087, restore, (renew) 

ratio, plan, planning ; account ; reason 

vaco, 1, he empty 

bonitas, (bonus, 41), goodness, excellence C 
1480 egregius^, iii3) distinguished, excellent C, V 

colloco^, 1071, place ; (settle upon, marry to) 

concede*, 579, yield, grant C, V 

postea^, 1227, afterward 

par, paris, equal (w. dat.) 
1485 ius^ 411, right(s), law 

libertas*, 1012, freedom C, V 

condicio, condition, terms ; proposition 

atque, 34, to what, as 

recipio, 499, recover, receive ; (me recipio, 726) 

Chapter 29 

1490 tabula, tablet, account ; (plank) C, V 
reperio^, 1035, discover 
littera^, 1426, letter 
Graecus, a, um, Greek C 
conficio^, 366, accomplish, complete ; compose, write dozen ; exhaust 

45 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

1495 refero*, 1358, bring hack, return., report 

nominatim, (nomen, 134), hy name ; in detail 

ratio^, 1 47 y, plan, planning ; account; reason 

item^, 386, likewise 

separatim^, 1138, separately 
1500 quot, interrog. adj., how many 

senex, senis, old man C, V 

mulier, eris, woman 

res, 174, 877, item 

summa, (summus, 692), total; supremacy; {chief point, part, 
etc.) ; general management 
1505 caput, 43, person 

sexaginta*, LX = 60 C 

quattuordecim*, XIY = i^ 

ex^, 1413, OF 

ad^, 436, up to, to the number of, about 
1510 nonaginta*, XC = 90 

trecenti*, ae, a, CCC = 300 

redeo*, (70, ex- 303, sub- 479, trans- 496 ; reditio, 477), intran- 
sitive, return C 

census, 4, enumeration, census C 

reperio*, 1035, discover C, V 

Chapter 30 

1515 conficiof, 366, accomplish, complete; (compose, write down); ex- 
haust 

fere^, 252, almost, about 

gratulor, 1, (gratia, 91), congratulate C 

ad, 536, at, i.e.y at the headquarters of 

tametsi, although ; (cf . cum, 60) C 
1520 vetus^, 804, old, long-standing ; former 

poena*, 427, punishment, penalty C, V 

repeto, (152, sup- 361), seek again, demand back, exact; (recol- 
lect) 

tamen*, 587, nevertheless, yet C, V 

usus, 4, (iitor, 200), use; practice, experience ; advantage; (need) 
1525 ex (1413) usu, of use; to the advantage 

terra*, land ; earth; ground, (cf. solum, 728) C, V 

floreo, 2, rui, flourish ; (bloom) 

46 



BOOK I 

res^, Stj, fortune, (^property') 

inferof, 327, bring in, bring against or upon ; (864) 
1530 potior*, 308, get possession of (-{- abl.), become master (of, gen.) 

c,v 

domicilium, (domus, 66), residence 

copia^, 961, number 

deligo^, 374, choose 

ext, 141 3, after numerals and indefinites, of 
1535 opportunus, a, um, advantageous 

fructuosus, a, um, (friictus, i/[7o) , productive 

iudico*, 742, decide, judge C 

stipendiarius, a, um, tributary 

in^, 370, w. time noun, /or 
1540 indico, (dico, 63) , proclaim, appoint C, V 

licet^, 571, &ejt?ermi7^ec/ 

quidam, quaedam, quoddam (adj.), quiddam (subst.), certain 
(one), etc. 

ex, ''out 0/," by; (cf. 69, 313, 423, 950, 1413) 

communis, e, common, general ; public 
1545 consensus, 4, (sentio, 1024), agreement 

permitto, (118, com- 822, prae- 895, di- 1028, ad- 1237, e- 1352, 
inter- 1419, a- 1471), entrust, (cf. mando, 758, committo, 
822) ; allow, (cf . patior, 532, concedo, 579) 

ius iurandum^, 413, oath 

eniintio*, 420, disclose 

mando^, 758, entrust, commission 
1550 sancio, 4, sanxi, nctus, solemnly provide C 

Chapter 31 

dimitto*, 1028, send away, send out; dismiss ; (let go, let pass) 

revertor^ 595, return 

secreto'^, 1034, secretly 

[in occulto, (cf. occulto, 1455), in secret, in concealment'] 
1555 salus^, 1452, safety 

agof , 27, lead, drive ; do ; plead, treat 

licet^, 571, be permitted 

impetro^, 646, obtain (a request) ; (pass., be granted) 

fleo^, 1 182, iceep 
1560 proicio^, 1433, throw forward ; cast aside 

47 



CAESAK D. B. G. 

laboro, 1, toil, strive (for) ; be anxious ; be in distress 

cruciatus, 4, torture 

loquor^, 1205, speak 

f actio, (facio, 79), party 
1565 alter — alter^, 1392, the one — the other; plu., the one party — the 
other C, V 

Arverni*, the Ar-ver'-ni 

tantopere, (tantus, 192, opus, 144), so greatly C 

potentatus, 4, (potens, 415, potestas, 158), supremacy; (cf. 
summa, 1504) 

merces, edis, f., (mereo, 710), pay; reward; (cf. pretium, 
1048) 
1570 arcesso, 3, sivi, situs, summon 

primo, (primum, 1323), at first 

posteaquam = postquam, 1292, after ; (also postea quam) 

cultus^, 229, civilization V 

ferus, a, um, wild, savage 
1575 barbarus, a, um, uncivilized, uncultivated 

adamo, 1, (amor, 11 71), covet 

nunc*, 140, now C, V 

adf, 436, up to, to the number of about 

cliens^, 439, dependent 
1580 semel, once 

iterum, again 

semel atque iterum, again and again 

pello^, 577, drive, rout 

accipio, 394, suffer 
1585 amitto^, 1471, lose 

frango, (per- 1330), break, crush, shatter 

hospitium, hospitality^ (guest friendship, entertainment) 

ius iurandum^, 413, oath 

obstringo^, 657, bind, obligate 
1590 XQ^^to'^, 1^2.2., seek again, demand back ; (exact; recollect) C 

imploro, 1, beseech; (cf. peto, 152, rogo, 569, obsecro, 1149, oro, 
1187) 

reciiso, 1, refuse 

quo minus, " by which the less," so that not 

perpetuo, always, forever; (cf. semper, 1059, continenter, 245) 
1595 dicio, (no plu.), (dico, 63, dictio, 433)? sway 

48 



BOOK I 

iuro^, 412, swear, take oath V 

liberi*, 714, children C 

profugio, (per- 1442 ; part., prof ugiturus) , escape 

Roma*, Rome C, V 
1600 postulo, 1, request, demand ; (cf. 1443 and synonyms there) 

ius iurandum*, 413, oath C 

malus^, 113, bad C, V 

victor, oris, adj., (vinco, 205, victoria, 858), victorious 

Ariovistus*, Ar-i-o-vis'-tus 
1605 rex*, regis, (regnum, 296), king C, V 

consido^, 1209, sit together; settle; encamp 

Sequanus*, a, um, (noun, 268), Sequanian 

alter^, 317, second, the other, another 

decedo, (in^er- 589, prae- 251, con- 579, dis- 893, ac- iioi, suc- 
1322), depart, ivithdraw 
1610 Hariides*, um, Ha-rii'-des 

sedes, is, f., (consido, 1209), seat; dwelling-place; (cf. domi- 
cilium, 1 531) 

pello"*, 577, d7^ive, rout 

enim^, 868, /or 

consuetiido, dinis, f., (consuesco, 867), habit, custom; (compan- 
ionship); (cf. mos, 421, institiituni, 221) 
1615 victus, 4, (vita, 968), sustenance V 

comparo, 1, (par, 1484; this compare is distinct from 355), com- 
pare, (cf. confero, 952) C 

autem^, 335, but, however, moreover 

semel^, 1580, once C, V 

Magetobriga, Ma-ge-tob^-ri-ga (a town) 
1620 superbe, haughtily C 

crudeliter, cruelly C, V 

quisque^, 484 ; w. adj., all the 

posco"^, 1443, demand 

exemplum^, 616, example, precedent C 
1625 cruciatus^, 1562, torture 

edo, (tra- 195, 65, ab- 761, pro- 825), set forth; inflict C, V 

nutus, 4, nod ; sign, command 

barbarus*, 1575, uncivilized, uncultivated C, V 

iracundus, a, um, revengeful C 
1630 temerarius, a, um, rash 

E 49 



GAESAK D. B. G. 

diu^, 862, (/or a) long (time) 

emigro, 1, migrate 

domicilium'^, 1531? residence 

sedes^, 161 1, seat ; dwelling-place 
1635 quicumque, quaec, quodc, whoever, whatever 

experior, 4, pertus sum, make a trial of (it) ; " see " 

dubito^ 1008, hesitate ; doubt 

quin^, 403, (but) that; (cf. 1016) 

apud^, 1 1 76, with 
1640 supplicium^j iiiS, punishment 

sumo^, 592, take, exact, assume 

vel — vel*, 525, either — or C, V 

recens*, 851,/resA, late C, V 

deterreo^, 999, intimidate ; prevent 
1645 def endo^, 706, protect ; ward off 

Chapter 32 

habeo, 92, 914, hold, deliver 

adsum*, 954, be near, be present C, V 

fletus, 4, (fieo, 11 82), weeping V 

animadverto^, 1109, notice; w. in (+ SiCc), punish 
1650 ceterus, a, um, (usually in plu.), (the) other [substantive or 
adj.] ; (cf. alius, 214, alter, 317, relicus, 249) 

tristis, e, sad V 

demitto, (118, com- 822, prae- 895, di- 1028, ad- 1237, e- 1352, 
inter- 1419, a- 1471, per- 1546), loiver V 

intueor, 2, tuitus sum, look at, (cf. specto, 275, conspicor, 1375) C 

miror^, 865, wonder (at), admire C, V 
1655 quaero^, 1030, ask (about), seek out 

tristitia, (tristis, 165 1), sadness 

tacitus, a, um, (part, of 988), silent C, V 

permaneo, 2, mansi, surus, persist, continue, (cf. persevero, 802) 

omnino*, 502, altogether, at all C, V 
1660 vox, vocis, f., (voco, 208), voice; word; statement; (cf. verbum, 
1181) 

exprimo, 3, press!, sus, (-premo, press), elicit, (portray) C 

miser, a, um, wretched 

[nee — nee, 1154, 130, yieither — nor~\ C, V 

ne quidem*, 939, not even C, V 

50 



BOOK I 

1665 in occulto^, 1554? ^^ secret, in concealment 

queror^, 984, complain (of) 

imploro*, 1591, beseech C, V 

audeo*, 1052, dare C, V 

absens*, sentis, part, of absum, 232, being absent, away, distant, 
lacking C, V 
1670 crudelitas, (crudeliter, 1621), cruelty C 

velut, just as V 

coram, adv., before one ('s face) C, V 

horreo, 2, m, shudder at, dread ; (cf. timeo, 843, vereor, 1121) 

facultas^, 583, opportunity, ability, (supply ; plu., means, resources) 
1675 vero^, 749, truly ; but 

intra, prep. w. ace, (inter, 99), ivithin 

recipio*, 499, recover, receive ; (me recipio, 726) 

cruciatus^, 1562, torture 

Chapter 33 

verbum*, 1181, ivord C, V 
1680 confirms*, 364, strengthen ; establish ; reassure ; (assert) 

polliceor^, 883, promise 

ciira*, (ciiro, 788), care; anxiety C, V 

beneficium^, 656, kindness 

habeo^, 1646, hold ; (deliver) ; or 92, have 
1685 secundum, prep. w. ace, (adj., 875, sequor, 181), following; 
along; besides 

cogito, 1, consider 

put5*, 580, think C, V 

in (as in 380) primis, among the first, especially, (cf. praesertim, 

979) 

[imprimis = in primis, 1688, especially'] 
1690 consanguineus^, 721, kinsman 

saepenumero, (saepe, 176, + niimero, 139), " often in number," 
frequently 

dicio^, 1595, sway 

apud*, 1176, icith; (288, before, among, at, etc.) C, V 

turpis, Q, foul, disgraceful 
1695 arbitrorf, 339, think 

paulatim, gradually 

autem*, 335, but, however, moreover C, V 

51 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

consuesco^, 867, become accustomed ; perf ., he accustomed, he 

wont 
periculosus*, a, um, (periculum, 149 ; also osus, " full of/' in 

bellicosus, 670, fructuosus, 1536), dangerous C 
1700 ferus^, i574j wild, ^savage 

tempero"^, 584, moderate, restrain (+ ace. or dat.) ; (perf. part., 

temperate) C, V 
quin, 403, after restrain, etc., from, {translating subjunctive as 

gerund) 
Cimbri*, Qim^-bri-ans C 
Teutoni*, Teu'-tons C 
1705 inde^, 700, thence, from there ; after that 
praesertim^, 979, especially 
quam*, 358, as — as possible C, V 
mature, (adj., 938, verb, 548), early, speedily 
occurro, (ac- 1238), "run opposite to," rmi to, encounter, oppose, 

(w. dat.) ; present (it) self (to the sight, mind, etc.) ; 

rush 
1710 spiritus, 4, breath ; plu., airs, conceit 
arrogantia, (rogo, '^tg), presumption 
sOmo^, 592, take, exact; assume 
videorf, 529, " be seen," seem 

Chapter 34 

placeo, 2, cui, citus (^di].), please, seem best, (w. dat.) 
1715 postulo'-^, 1600, request, demand 

aliqui^, 834, some, any 

uterque, traque, trumque, each (of two), both; (cf. quisque, 
484) 

medius (1300) utriusque, " in the middle of each," midicay be- 
ttveen them 

colloquium, (colloquor, 1134), conference; (^conversation) 
1720 deligo^, 374, choose 

[dico2, 535, name'] 

res piiblica (778), 1191, public questions C 

summus, 692, most important (+ gen., to) 

opus, n., only nom. and ace. sing., (from opus, 144; cf. opis, 
1 163), need, w. abl. = of 
1725 praeterea, adv., (praeter, 474), besides; (cf. deinde, 1324) 

52 



BOOK I 

possideo, 2, sedi, sessus, (possessio, 724; consido, 1209), pos- 
sess 

commeatus, 4, (commeo, 236), supplies ; {trip) ; (cf. res frumen- 
taria, 1271, copia, 941) 

mdlimentum, effort 

contraho, 3, traxi, tractus, " draw together," assemble ; (dimin- 
ish) ; (bring about, incur) ; (cf. cogo, 52, conduce, 442, con- 
fero, 952, comporto, 953, convoco, 960, colligo, 1341) 
1730 mirus, a, um, (miror, 865), strange, wonderful 

negotium, business; undertaJcing ; difficulty, task 

Chapter 35 

iterum'^, 1581, again 

mandatum, (mando, 758), instruction ; message 

quoniam, conj., (cum, 60, + iam, 96), "since, now"; since, in- 
asmuch as 
1735 beneficium*, 656, kindness C 

afficio^, 332, cause to, treat with, affect with ; pass. + abl., expe- 
rience, suffer C 

consulatus, 4, (consul, ^s) , consulship C 

colloquium*, 1719, conference ; (conversation) 

invito, 1, invite ; attract 
1740 gravo, 1, (gravis, 1150, adv., 831), burden; pass., be reluctant 
C,V 

commiinis*, 1544, common, general; public C, V 

[disco"^, 815, learn'] C, V 

postulo*, 1600, request, demand C 

amplius, adv., (pos. ample or ampliter, rare ; superl., amplis- 
sime ; cf. amplius, subst., 923), further, any more; most 
generously 
1745 deinde^, 1324, then, next 

reddo, (tra- 195, 65, ab- 761, pro- 825, e- 1626), return, restore; 
render; (cf. redeo, 1512) 

permitto*, 1546, entrust C, V 

licet^, 571, be permitted 

neve^, 1428, " or that not " = and that not (i.e., the first neve) ; or 
1750 lacesso*, 912, harass C, V 

[-ve, enclitic, or, (cf. vel, 525, aut, 37)] 

perpetuus, a, um, (adv., 1594, peto, 152), continuous ; whole 

53 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

impetro*, 646, obtain (a request) ; (pass., he granted) C 
quoniam^, 1734 
1755 censeo, 2, sui, census, (census, 1513), {enumerate); think; vote, 
resolve, decree ; {advise, propose) C 
quicumque^, 1635, whoever, whatever 
commodum, (adv., 1346), convenience, advantage, (cf. usus, 1524, 

1525) 
ceterus^, 16^0, {the) other 
defendo*, 706, protect ; luard off C, V 
1760 neglego, (Intel- 669, de- 374, col- 1341), disregard, be indifferent 
to; (cf. despicio, 813) 

Chapter 36 

ius*, 411, right{s) ; law C, V 

modus, (cf. non modo, 937, "not by a measure"), manner; 

{measure, size, number) 
quern ad modum, in what manner — interrog., how ; relative, in 

the manner that, as 
item*, 386, likewise C 
1765 ad, 25, 365, 436, 536, at, according to 

alter*, 317, second ; the other, another C, V 

praescriptum, (conscribo, 681), direction; (cf. mandatum, 1733, 

imperium, 307, dicio, 1595) 
arbitrium, (verb, 339), opinion, judgment ; (cf. indicium, 434) 
consuesco*, 867, become accustomed; perf., be accustomed, be 

wont 
1770 praescribo*, (con- 681 ; noun, 1767), direct, dictate; (cf. impero, 

554, iubeo, 104, mando, 758, praecipio, 1246) C 
quoniam^, 1734, since, inasmuch as 
tempto*, 854, try, {make an) attempt {upon) C 
congredior, (ag- 756, e- 1459), meet (in battle); {unite); (cf. 

oppugn o, 498 ; iungo, 623) 
supero^, 1 010, surpass ; overcome ; survive 
1775 stipendiarius^, 1538, tributary 
vectigal^, 1047, revenue, tax C 
deterior, rrimus, worse, etc.; (cf. malus, 113) 
reddo*, 1746, return, restore; render C 
maneo, (per- 1658), remain; abide, (+ abl. or abl. w. in = 

by) 

54 



BOOK I 

1780 convenitj 538, impers. or with res or pronoun subject, he fitting^ 
he agreed upon 
stipendium, (adj., 1538), trihute ; (cf. vectigal, 1047) 
quotannis, (quot, 1500, + annus, 31 ; for formation cf. cotidie, 

928), yearly (adv.) 
pendo, 3, pependi, pensus, iceigh out, jxiy 
fraternus-, 11 72, of (^one's) hrotJier(s) V 
1785 denuntio, (547, e- 420, re- 664), give notice (of) C, V 
neglego*, 1760, disregard, he indifferent to C 
pernicies'2, 1169, destruction C 
congredior^, 1773 

invictus, a, um, (negatiye of part, of vinco, 205), unconquered 
C, V 
1790 exercitatus, a, um, (exercitus, 75),/)racficer7, experienced ; superla- 
tive, most thoroughly p. 
inter, 99, = intra, 1676, within 

tectum, (from tego, cover), roof; house (= domus, 66) C, V 
subeo^, 479, undergo; encounter; go under, enter 

Chapter 37 

mandatum^, 1733, instruction; message 
1795 Treveri*, Trev'-er-i 

queror^ 984, complain (of) 

nuper^, 517, recently 

transporto*, (475, im- 239, com- 953), carry across, hring across ; 
convey V 

populor^, 705, lay icaste, ravage 
1800 redimo"^, 1049, huy hack, redeem; huy up; procure 

pagus*, 762, district 

Suebi*, Suehi (Swe'-bi) 

ripa^, 5S7, bajik 

consido^, 1209, sit together; settle ; encamp 
1805 praesum*, 964, he in charge of C 

Nasua, ae, m., Nasua (Xash'-u-a) 

Cimberius, (Jim- be'-ri-us 

vehementer, violently ; severely 

commoveo*, 790, arouse ; influence C, V 
1810 maturo-, 548, hasten 

vetus*, 804, old, long-standing ; {former) C, V 

65 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

coniungo, (iungo, 623), unite (often reflex.) 
resisto^, 1387, resist, withstand (+ dat.) ; halt 
res frumentaria*, 1271, grain (supply) C 
1815 magnum (m) iter (103)*, lo7ig stage, forced march 

Chapter 38 

triduum*, 1424, three days C 

procedo, (inter- 589, dis- 893, ac- iioi, sue- 1322, de- 1609 ; prae- 

251, con- 579, have perf. part.), advance; continue; (cf. 

proficiscor, 164) 
Vesontio*, onis, m., Vesontio (a town; pronounced Ve-son'- 

shi-o) 
[proficio, (inter- 100, 79, af- 332, con- 366, per- 399, prae- 677, 

satis- 887, commone- 1136, certior f. 559), accomplish'] 
1820 magnopere^, 811, zealously 

praecaveo, (caveo, 838), guard against, take ^precautions 
namque, (nam, 125), and so for ; for, indeed 
adt, 3^5, for 

usus^, 1524, use; practice, experience ; advantage ; (need) 
1825 facultas^, 583, opportunity, ability, {supply; plu., means, re- 
sources') 
sic, so, thus 

munio*, 611, fortify C, V 
duco^, 951, prolong, put off 
Dubis, is, m., Dii'-bis (a river) 
1830 circinus, (cf. circum, 47), pair of compasses 

circumduco, (67, ad-, in- 298, con- 442, per- 606, e- 686, tra- 704, 

ab- 716, sub- 1242, re- 1462), lead around, draic around 
paene*, 711, almost C 

cingo, 3, cinxi, cinctus, encircle, surround C, V 
spatium*, 588, space (of time) C, V 
1835 amplus, a, um, (cf. subst. amplius, 923, adv., 1744), great, large; 

splendid, nohle ; (cf. magnus, 11 1; nobilis, 290) 
sexcenti*, ae, a = DC = 600 
qua^, 506, where 

intermitto*, 1419, interrupt; cease; let pass 
radix, icis, f ., root ; foot, base, spur (of a mountain) V 
1840 ex^, 313, on 

uterque^, 1717, each (of two), both 

56 



BOOK I 

pars^, 314, side 

ripa*, 537? ^o.nk V 

contingo, (at- 265), touchy reach; impersonal, happen, (cf. fio, 
321, accido, 833) C, V 
1845 circum'd5, (65 ; of 3d conjugation are tra- 195, ab- 761, pro- 825, 
e- 1626, red- 1746), ^w^ around, surround; (cf. circumduco, 
1 83 1, cingo, 1833, circumvenio, 1374) 

arx, arcis, f., citadel, stronghold C, V 

efficio, (inter- 100, af- 332, con- 366, per- 399, prae- 677, pro- 
1819; like facio, 79, are satis- 887, commone- 1136), com- 
plete, form; render; accomplish 

coniungo*, 1812, unite (often reflex.) C, V 

hue, (cf. pron., 7), hither 
1850 nocturnus, a, um, (nox, 138, noctu, 631), hy night C, V 

diurnus, a, um, (dies, 64, diu, 862, diuturnus, 878), ly day 

praesidium*, 608, guard, protection C 

coUoco*, 107 1, place ; (^settle upon ; marry') C 

Chapter 39 

commeatus^, ly 27, supplies ; (trij?) 
1855 caus8i-\, 1065, for the sake (oi) 

percontatio, inquiry, inquiries 

vox*, 1660, voice ; word; statement C, V 

mercator*, 234, trader C 

ingens, gentis, great, enormous, vast; (cf. magnus, 11 1, amplus, 

1835) 
1860 magnitudo*, dinis, f., (magnus, m), greatness; {great) size C 
exercitatio, (exercitatus, 1790, exercitus, 75), practice, training ; 

experience ; (cf . iisus, 1524) 
praedico, 1, (not from dico, 63), proclaim, declare; (cf. con- 

firmo, 364) 
saepenumero*, i6gi, frequently 
congredior^, 1773, meet (in battle) ; (unite) 
1865 vultus, 4, countenance ; features ; expression 

acies^^, 1243, edge, keenness ; battle line ; (pitched battle) 
subito, (from subeo, 479), suddenly ; (cf. de improviso, 807) 
mediocriter, (medius, 1300) , moderately ; non m., in no moderate 

degree C 

57 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

mens, mentis, f., (cf. memoria, 573, reminiscor, 803), mind, 
thought; (cf. animus, 30) 
1870 perturbo, 1, disturb^ distress, embarrass 
orior^, 272, arise, start ; be descended 
tribnnus*, tribune C 
praefectus, (praeficio, 677), (cavalry) commander ; (cf. dux, 373, 

princeps, 160, decurio, 1277, legatus, 107) 
[miseror, 1, (miser, 1662), lament ; pity'] 
1875 usus^, iS2/\, use ; practice, experience ; advantage; (need) 

alius alia, and like expressions, the words differing from each 
other in construction, (cf. 214, 626), one, one — another, 
another 
infero, 327, present 
necessarius*, 976, urgent C 
licet*, sji, be j^ermitted C, V 
1880 pudor, (sense of) shame ; modesty 
vito*, 1201, avoid C, V 

remaneo*, (1779, per- 1658), remain (behind) ; stay ; (continue) C 
vultus^, 1865, countenance ; features; expression C, V 
fingo, 3, finxi, fictus,/orm, mould, compose; imagine; feign 
1885 interdum^, 876, sometimes C, V 
lacrima*, 1147, tear C, V 
abdo^, 761, hide (often reflex.) 
tabernaculum, teyit 
fatum, fate C, V 
1890 queror*, 984, complain (of) C, V 

familiaris^, ii'^^n P^^'^^onal friend, intimate friend 
miseror 2, 1874, lament, pity V 

vulgo, (vulgus, 1 174), commonly; everyiohere ; (cf. undique, 310) 
testamentum, (testis, 891), will C 
1895 obsigno, (de- 1023 ; signum, 1380), seal 
paulatim^, 1696, gradually 

iisus^, 1524, use; practice, experience; advantage; (need) 
centurio*, onis, (cf. centum, 347), centurion; (cf. praefectus, 

1873, and words there) C 
perturbo^, 1870, disturb, distress, embarrass 
1900 timidus, a, um, (timor, 1257, timeo, S/[s), fearful C, V 
vereor^, 1121, fear ; (stand in awe of) 
angustiae^, 643, narrow pass (es) ; straits (difficulties) 

68 



BOOK I 

intercedS^, 589, intervene, exist (as relation between) 
ut, 199, 455, after "fear/' that not 
1905 commode^, 1346, conveniently, easily 

supporto, (475? ini- 239, com- 953, trans- 1798), Iring up 

signum^, 1380, signal ; standard 

dictum, (dico, 63, dictio, 433, dicio, 1595), word; (cf. verbum, 

1181, vox, 1660) V 
dicto audiens (36) sum, '' be hearkening to the word " = obey 
(+ dat. of person) ; (cf. pareo, 1438) 

Chapter 40 

1910 animadverto^, 1109, notice; w. in (+ Sicc.}, punish 

convoco*, 960, call together C 

consilium, 54, = concilium, 1027, council 

ordo, dinis, m., row, layer; order, arrangevient ; position, rank 

adhibeo^, 1195, add; have present; invite, employ, exercise 
1915 vehementer^, 1808, violently; severely 

incuso, (re- 1592; causa, 45), censure; (cf. reprehendo, 1196) V 

parsf, 741, direction 

quaero*, 1030, ask (about'), seek out C, V 

cogito^, 1686, consider 
1920 cupide^, 896, eagerly 

appeto, (152, sup- 361, re- 1522), seek after ; {approach) 

cur, why ? (cf. quare, 821) 

temere, (cf. adj., 1630), rashly 

quisquam^, 11 24, any one, anything 
1925 of6.cium, (opus, 144, + facio, 79), kindness; duty; (cf. benefi- 
cium, 656, meritum, 832) 

quidem, (cf. ne q., 939), indeed 

postulatum, (verb, 1600), request, demand 

aequitas, (aequo, 1326), (^evenness), fairness; (tranquillity); (cf. 
iustitia, 11 15) C 

condicio^, 1487, condition, terms; proposition 
1930 perspicid, (de- 813, pro- 1272, conspicor, 1375), see through; ex- 
amine; perceive; (cf. cognosco, 51, disco, 815) 

repudio, 1, reject C 

quod2, 845, before si, but 

furor, rage, frenzy 

amentia, (mens, 1869), madness; folly C 

59 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

1935 impell5, (pro- 908, re- 636; 577), drive forward; urge on: insti- 
gate 

tandem^, i355? ctt length ; in questions and commands, pray 

vereor^, 1121, fear, {stand in awe of) 

cHr^j 1922, why'? 

diligentia, diligence, care ( fulness) ; (cf. studium, iiii, ciira, 
1682) 
1940 periculum, 149, trial 

Gaius*, 1 129 C 

Marius, Ma'-ri-us C 

pello*, 577, drive, rout C, V 

laus, laudis, f ., praise, renown 
1945 imperator*, (verb, 554, imperinm, 307), commander {-in-chief ) ; 
(emperor) ; (cf. princeps, 160, dux, 373, legatus, 107, prae- 
fectus, 1873) C 

mereo*, 710, deserve ; (sometimes deponent) C, V 

nuper^, 517, recently C, V 

servilis, e, (servus, 182, servitus, 715), servile, of the slave(s) C 

tumultus, 4, uproar ; uprising ; (confusion) 
1950 aliquis^, 835, any one, anything ; some one, something 

usvis*, 1524, use ; practice, experience ; advantage; (need) 

disciplina, (disco, 815), instruction, knowledge ; training 

sublevo^, 978, lift; assist 

quantus^, 1020, hoiv much, how great; as (w. tantus) 
1955 constantia, ^r/^ne5.9, steadfastness C 

aliquamdiu, (aliqui, 834, + diu, 862; cf. quam diii, 1021), for 
some time ; (cf. longe, 231) 

inermis, e, (also us, a, um : in, negative, -f- arma, 33), unarmed 

post(ea)*, 1227, afterward C, V 

armo*, 1, (arma, 33; inermis, 1957), arm; equip C, V 
19i50 victor^, 1603, victorious C, V 

supero^, loio, surpass ; overcome ; survive 

denique"^, 12^^, finally 

congredior^, 1773, meet (in battle) ; (unite) 

plerumque, usually 
1965 par*, 1484, equal (w. dat.) C, V 

adversus^, 1095, opposite ; unsuccessful 

diiiturnitas, (diu, 862, aliquamdiu, 1956), duration 

defatigo, 1, tire out, exhaust; (cf. defessus, 1357) C 

60 



BOOK I 

palus, udis, f., swamp 
1970 potestas, 158, opportunity 

facio^, 1475, give 

potestatem facio + gen., give an opportunity 0¥ encountering 

dispergo, 3, rsi, rsus, (dis, 211, + spargo, scatter), scatter 

subito^, 1867, suddenly 
1975 adorior^, 809, attack 

ratio^, 1477? plan, planning ; account ; reason 

consilium, ^/^, prudence ; scheming; (cf. insidiae, 819, dolus, 818) 

contra^, 1051, opposite, in opposition 

imperitus, a, um, (peritus, 1224), unskilled, inexperienced (+ gen. 
= in) ; (cf. insciens, 1106) 
1980 sper5*, 418, Jiope C, V 

simulatio, (similis, 185, simul, ii^s), pretense, pretext 

angustiae*, 643, narrow pass(es) ; straits (difficulties) C 

arroganter, (arrogantia, 171 1), presumptuously; (cf. iusolenter, 
860) 

officium^, 1925, kindness ; duty 
1985 Leuci, the Leuci (Lii'-sl) 

subministro, 1, supply ; (cf . supporto, 1906, subveho, 945) 

matiirus*, 938, i^ipe; early C, V 

brevis*, e, short 

dicto audiens sum^, 1909, ohey (+ dat. of person) 
1990 signum*, 1380, signal, standard C, V 

enim*, 868, for C, V 

quicumque^, 1635, whoever, ivhatever 

male, peius, pessime, (cf. adj., 113), badly, etc. C, V 

desum, (10, ab- 232, inter'- 926, ad- 954, prae- 964, super'- 1264, 
suh- 1360) , he away ; be wanting, fail ; (cf. absum, 232, neg- 
lego, 1760) 
1995 aliqui^, 834, some, any 

facinus, noris, n., (cf. facio, 79, f actio, 1564), (deed); crime; 
(cf. scelus, 873) 

comperio^, 1236, ascertain 

avaritia, avarice C 

convinco, (vinco, 205), convict ; prove ; (cf. damno, 426 ; ostendo, 
620, demonstro, 727, probo, 397) C 
2000 innocentia, integrity C 

perpetuus^, 1752, continuous; wliole 

61 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

vita*, 968, life C, V 

felicitas, happiness ; good fortune, good luck ; (cf. fortuna, 732) C 

perspicio'^, 1930, see through; examine; perceive 
2005 longus, no, distant C, V 

repraesento, 1, (praesens, 915), (bring before one) ; do immedi- 
ately 

quam (358) primum (1323), as soon as possible 

utrum — an, ivhether — or 

pudor^, 1880, (sense of) shame, modesty C, V 
2010 officium^, 1925, kindness; duty 

valeo^, 993, be strong 

quod^, 845, before si, but 

praeterea^, 1725, besides 

decimus*, a, um, (decern, 20), tenth C 
2015 dubito*, 1008, hesitate ; doubt C, V 

praetorius, a, um, (praetor, 1216), praetorian, (i.e., forming the 
generaVs body-guard) 

cohors*, rtis, f., (not from cohortor, 1328), cohort (tenth of a 
legion) C 

indulgeo, 2, Isi, Itum, favor; indulge (in), (+ dat.) ; (cf. faveo, 
1078) V 

praecipue, (praecipio, 1246), especially; (cf. praesertim, 979, 
imprimis, 1689, maxime, 392, plurimnm, 404) C, V 
2020 confido^, 1284, believe, trust (in) (+ dat. or inf.); rely (on) ( + 
dat. or abl.) 

Chapter 41 

habeof , 1646, hold, deliver 

mirus^, 1730, strange, wonderful C, V 

in4, 340, in 

modusf, 1762, marmer ; (measure, size, number) 
2025 converto*, 1286, turn (about); (alter) C, V 

mens*, 1869, inind, thought C, V 

alacritas, liveliness, eagerness; (cf. studium, 11 11) 

cupiditas*, 297, desire C 

infero, 327, inspire (into) 
2030 [innascor, ci, natus sum, be born in, be engendered'] 

princeps^, 563, chief (ly) ; first C, V 

gratias (91) ago (27), express thanks C 

62 



BOOK I 

iudicium-, 434, trial; decision, judgment 

facio^ 1475, give 
2035 paratus*, part, of 355, ready C, V 

confirmo*, 364, strengthen, establish, reassure, (assert^ C 

deinde^, 1324, then, next 

ordo"-^, 1913, row, layer; order, arrangement ; position, rank 

ago, 27, negotiate, arrange 
2040 satisfacio^, 887, satisfy, make reparation 

umquam, (numqiiam, 629), ever 

summa-, 1504, total; supremacy; (chief point, part, etc.); gen- 
eral management 

satisfactio, (verb, 2040; contrast factio, 1564), apology ; repara- 
tion 

exquiro, (con- 1444, 1030), seek out; ask; (cf. peto, 152, appeto, 
1921 ; quaero, 1030, rogo, 569, oro, 1187, obsecro, 1149, im- 
ploro, 1 591) 
2045 quinquaginta*, L = J(9 V 

circuitus^, 1212, roundabout course ; circuit 

apertus*, 1372, open, unprotected C, V 

intermitto*, 1419, interrupt; cease; let pass 

Chapter 42 

per se, on his part ; of himself, etc. 
2050 quoniam*, 1734, since, inasmuch as Q, V 

propius, (comparative of 1309), nearer 

accedo-, iioi, approach, be added 

respuo, 3, ui, reject; (cf. repudio, 1931, reicio, 1319) 

condicio^, 1487, condition, terms ; proposition 
2055 sanitas, reason C 

revertor*, 595, return C, V 

denego, (nego, 615), refuse; (cf. recuso, 1592) 

ultro, adv., (cf. ulterior, 551), of {one's) own accord 

poUiceor^, 883, promise 
2060 postulatum*, 1927, request, demand 

pertinacia, (pertineo, 238), stubbornness C 

desisto*, 638, cease C, V 

dico*, 535, name C, V 

ultro (2058) citroque, (cf. citerior, 696, citra, 750), hither and 
thither, back and forth 

63 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

2065 pedes*, ditis, m., (cf. pes, 151), foot-soldier V 

vereor^, 112.1, fear ; {stand in awe of) 

insidiae^, 819, ambush, ambuscade ; plots 

circumvenio*, 1374, surround ^ betray V 

uterque*, 171 7, each (of two), both C, V 
2070 ratio^, i/^yy, planning ; account; reason 

interpono, (153, dis- 609, de- 857, pro- 989), interpose; let pass 
(= intermitto, 1419) ; passive, intervene 

tollo, 478, cancel, prevent 

salus*, 1452, safety C, V 

commodus, a, um, (adv., 1346, noun, 1757; cum, 59, + modus, 
1762), convenient ; advantageous ; (cf. ex usu, 1525) 
2075 st3ituo*, ysi, place ; determine, decide C, V 

detraho, (con- 1729), take away, remove ; take (+ de) ; (cf. tollo, 
478) 

eo, 1363, upon them 

legionarius*, a, um, (legio, 108), legionary 

confido^, 1284, believe, trust (in} ; rely (on) 
2080 impono, (153, inter-, etc., 2071), place (upon) 

amicus*, a, um, (noun, 29, amicitia, -^^z) , friendly C, V 

opus^, 1724, need, w. abl. — of 

factum, (facio, 79, f actio, 1564, f acinus, 1996), deed, action 

irridicule, without humor 
2085 quidam^, 1542, certain (one), etc. 

polliceor*, 883, promise C, V 

praetorius^, 2016, praetorian C 

ecus, 73, knighthood, cavalry V 

rescribo, (con- 681, prae- 1770), (write back) ; re-enroll, transfer 

Chapter 43 

2090 planities, ei, f., sing, only, level space, plain 
tumulus, mound, hillock 
terrenus, a, um, (terra, 1526), of earth V 
grandis, e, large; great; (cf. magnus, iii, ingens, 1859, amplus, 

1835) V 
aecus, aequa, aecum, (aequitas, 1928, aequo, 1326), even; e^ual ; 
fair ; (tranquil) ; (cf. par, 1484, similis, 185) 
2095 feref, 252, almost, about 

eo^, 1363, there, to that place ; there, in that place 

64 



BOOK I 

deveho, (sub- 945), carry down, convey 

[veho, (sub- 945, de- 2097), carry ; (cf. porto, 475, fero, 80, gero, 
89)] V 

consisto^, 823, take a stand, halt; settle, rest 
2100 colloquor*, 11 34, confer 

deni, ae, a, (decern, 20), ten each V 

initium*, 259, beginning C 

commemoro*, 829, mention ,C 

munus, neris, n., present ; {service, duty ; cf. officium, 1925) C, V 
2105 amplius^, ij/^/^, further, any more; superl., most generously 

[amplus^, 1835, great, large; splendid, nohW] 

conting5'2, 1844, touch, reach ; impersonal, happen 

officium^, 1925, kindness, duty 

tribuo^, 812, attribute; bestoiv C 
2110 doceo, 2, cui, ctus, teach, explain; inform; (cf. certiorem facio, 
559, ostendo, 620, demon stro, 727) 

aditus, 4, (ad-eo), approach, access ; avenue of approach ; (oppor- 
tunity) ; (cf. adventus, 557) 

iustusf, a, um, (cf. nouns, 11 15, /^ii), just ; (regular); (cf. par, 
1484, aecus, 2094) 

praemium*, (prae + emo, 974), reward; prize; (cf. munus, 
2104) C, V 

consequor^, y86, pursue, overtake ; attain 
2115 necessitudo, dinis, f., (necessarius, 720), (close') relationship ; in- 
timacy ; (cf. amicitia, 363, consuettido, 1614, affinitas, 1080, 
propincus, 1075) C 

intercedo^, 589, intervene, exist (as relation between) 

consultum, (cf. consilium, 54), decree (usually in combination 
senatiis consultum) C, V 

quotiens, (quot, 1500), interrog., how often; (correlating with 
totiens [= as often'], as) C, V 

honorificus, a, um, (honor, 1086, + facio, 79), honorable; (cf. 
amplus, 2106) 
2120 in3, 370, /or 

ut, 199, 455, 1904, in indirect questions, how 

prius — quam, = priusquam, 161, before 

appeto*, 1921, seek after ; (approach) 

consuetude*, 1614, habit, custom ; companionship C 
2125 non modo*, 937, not only C 

F 65 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

deper'do, (de-per-do ; cf. red- 1746 and list there; also circum'- 

1845), lose ; (cf. amitto, 1471) 
dignitas*, standing, rank ; (cf . honor, 1086, gloria, 336 ; ordo, 

1913) c 

auctus, a, um, part, of augeo^, 1055, increased 

vero^, 749, truly; but 
2130 affero, ferre, attuli, allatus, (80, dif- 223, in- 327, ef- 485, con- 
952, per- 1006, prae- 1007, re- 1358), bring to; contribute; 
report; allege; occasion; (cf. nuntio, 547; afficio, 332 ; ad- 
duce, 298, t'ribuo, 812) 

eripio^, 444, rescue, (take away) 

patior^, 532, permit ; endure 

deinde^, 1324, then, next 

mandatum*, 1733, instruction ; message C, V 
2135 remitto, (118, com- 822, prae- 895, di- 1028, ad- 1237, e- 1352, 
inter- 1419, a- 1471, per- 1546, de- 1652), send back, re- 
store; relax, give up; (cf. reddo, 1746, trado, 195, effemino, 

237) 
at, but, yet; (cf. sed, 179, autem, 335) 
amplius^, i'j^/[, further, any more; superl., most generously 

Chapter M 

virtiis, 250, ability, merit ; (cf . meritum, 832) 

praedico^, 1862, proclaim, declare 
2140 sponte^, 644, of (one's) own accord C, V 

rogo*, 569, ask C, V 

arcesso^, 1570, summon 

propincus^, 1075, kinsman V 

sedes*, 1611, seat; dwelling place C, V 
2145 stipendium^, 1781, tribute 

victor, (adj., 1603, victoria, 858, verb, 205), victor, conqueror 

impono*, 20^0, place (upon) V 

contra, 105 1, prep. + ace, against, opposite 

supero*, loio, surpass ; overcome ; survive C, V 
2150 iterum^, 158 1, again 

experior^, 1636, make a trial of (it) ; '•'see'' 

decerto, 1, have a combat or contest ; fight it out ; (cf . piigno, 169, 
contend©, 254) 

utor, 200, employ, exercise; avail (one' s) self of ; enjoy 

66 



BOOK I 

inicus, qua, cum, (in, neg., + aecus, 2094), uneven; unequal; 

unfair, disadvantageous; (opposites: commodus, 2074, 

iustus, 21 12) 
2155 stipendium^, 1781, tribute 
recuse*, 1592, refuse C 
pendo^, 1783, weigh out, pay V 
ornamentum, (equipment) ; honor, distinction ; (embellishment) ; 

(cf. honor, 1086, dignitas, 2127) C 
detrimentum, loss ; (defeat) ; (cf . incommodum, 805, casus, 769, 

calamitas, 772) C 
2160 remitto^, 2135, send back, restore ; relax, give up 
dediticius^, 1454, surrendered man 
subtraho, (con- 1729, de- 2076), take away ; withdraw; (cf. tollo, 

478, subduco, 1242, detraho, 2076) V 
libenter, gladly 
[impugno, (169, op- 498, ex- 717, re- mo), attack ; (cf. op- 498, 

aggredior, 756, adorior, 809)] 
2165 testimonium, (testis, 891, testamentum, 1894), evidence; proof; 

(cf. indicium, 419) C 
numquam*, (non n., 629, umquam, 2041), 7iever C, V 
egredior, 1459, go forth, (disembark) ; [w. ace, go beyond'] 
cur^, 1922, why ? 

possessio*, 724, possession ; plu., property C 
2170 sicut, (sic, 1826, + ut, ^55), Just as C 
sic*, 1826, so, thus C, V 

inicus^, 2154, uneven; unequal; unfair, disadvantageous 
interpello, 1, (pro- 908, re- 636, im- 1935; 577), disturb; (cf. 

lacesso, 912, intermitto, 141 9) 
imperitus^, 1979, unskilled ; inexperienced (+ gen. = in) 
2175 contenti5, (contendo, 2S^), struggle ; dispute; (cf. proelium, 163, 

pugna, 1335) C 
utor^, 2153, employ, exercise; avail (one^s)selfof; enjoy 
debeo*, 718, owe ; ought; (perf. part., due) C, V 
siispicor, 1, (suspicio, 454; con- 1375; see 1930), suspect; be- 
lieve 
simul5, 1, (simulatio, 1981, similis, 185, simul, 1135), pretend 
2180 opprimo, (ex- 1661), overwhelm, crush; attack (unexpectedly) 

= adorior, 809 
deced52, 1609, depart, withdraw 

67 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

deduce, (67, ad-, in- 298, con- 442, per- 606, e- 686, tra- 704, ab- 
716, sub- 1242, re- 1462, circum- 1831), lead away; lead 
down 

regio*, (cf. rex, 1605, regnum, 296, rego, rule, direct), (direc- 
tion) ; district, quarter C, V 

pro, 162, 333, AS 
2185 quod^ 845, before si, but 

interficio*, 100, kill, slay C 

nobilis, is, m., (adj., 290, nobilitas, 300), noble 

gratus, a, um, (gratia, 91, gratulor, 1517), pleasing ; acceptable 
(w. dat.) C, V 

comperio^, 1236, ascertain 
2190 redimo^, 1049, buy back, redeem ; buy up ; procure C, V 

decedo^, 1609, depart, withdraiv C, V 

liber*, era, erum, (adv., 1033, noun, 714, libertas, 1012, liberali- 
tas, 1042), free C 

remuneror, 1, (munus, 2104), repay 

quicumque^, 1635, whoever, whatever 
2195 labor*, (laboro, 1561), striving ; toil; (cf . contentio, 2175 ; opus, 
144) C,V 

Chapter 45 

sententia, (sentio, 1024), opinion; purport; (sentence) 

negotium^, 1731, business ; undertaking ; difficulty, task 

patior*, 532, permit ; endure C, V 

bene*, melius, optime, well, etc. C, V 
2200 desero, 3, rui, rtus, abandon; (cf. relinquo, 173; decedo, 1609, 
discedo, 893) 

potius, comp. ; super., potissimum, (from adj., potis, able; cf. 
possum, 156, potens, 415, potentia, 1064, potestas, 158, po- 
tior, 308), rather ; most preferably 

Ruteni*, Rii-te'-ni 

Quintus*, (abbrev., Q.), (cf. ordinal, 540), Quin'-tus (a praeno- 
men), (cf. A., 545, C, 1129, L., 543, M., 293, P., 1221, T., 
676) C 

Fabius, Fa'-bi-us 
2205 Maximus (in), Max'-i-mus C 

ignosco, 3, novi, notus, (cog- 51), pardon (w. dat.) ; (cf. con- 
don o, 1 1 94) 

68 



BOOK I 

redigo, (ago, 27, co- 52), reduce; render; bring (back); (cf. 

redtico, 1462, refero, 1358, restituo, 1087) 
stipendium*, 1781, tribute C 
quod*, 845, before si, but C, V 
2210 anticus"^, 1085, old, ancient, former C, V 
quisque^ 484, each 
specto^, i^^,face; regard V 
iudicium^, 434, trial ; decision, judgment C, V 
observe, 1, watch; heed; (cf. animadverto, 1109, intueor, 1653, 

conspicor, 1375) V 

Chapter 46 

2215 propius, 2051, nearer, here w. ace. as if prep., cf. prope, 
1249 

tumulus^, 2091, mound, hillock C, V 

accedo^, iioi, approach; be added 

adequito, 1, (ecus, 73, equitatus, 72, eques, 71, equester, 1094), 
ride up (to) 

lapis, idis, m., stone 
2220 telum*, 635, (thrown) loeapon C, V 

conicio^, 1404, cast; drive 

loquor*, 1205, speak C, V 

reicio^, 13 19, throw back, drive back ; (reject) ^ 

etsi, (et, adv., even, + si, 183), although; (cf. cum, 60) 
2225 deligo*, 374, choose C, V 

per, 148, because of on disregarding, in violation of 

fides, /[lo, faith ; confidence; protection: 11 14, good faith, loy- 
alty 

posteaquam*, 1572, after C 

vulgus^, 1 1 74, common people, common soldiers 
2230 effero, 485, spread abroad C, V 

axxoganiidi^, 1^11, presumption 

interdico, (63, in- 1540, dictio, 433, dicio, 1595, dictum, 1908), 
prohibit ; order out of ( + dat. of person and abl. of thing) 

ut^, 2121, how 

dirimo. (emo, 974, co- 359, red- 1049), break off; (cf. intermitto, 
1419, interpello, 2173, tollo, 2072) V 
2235 alacritas*, 2027, liveliness, eagerness 

studium^, II 1 1, eagerness; zeal, devotion; (study) 

69 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

inicio, (de- 621, re- 1319? dis- 1331, ob- 1402, con- 1404, sub- 
1409, pro- 1433), cast upon, place upon; cast at; inspire 
into 

Chapter 47 

biduum^, 1263, two days 

iterum*, 1581, again C, V 
2240 minus, 233, not 

aliquis^, 835, any one, anytJiing ; some one, something 

pridie^, 1280, on the day before 

retineo*, 1029, keep (back) C, V 

quin^, ^03, from; see 1702 
2245 conicio^, 1404, cast; drive 

ferus*, 1574, ivild, savage V 

obicio^, 1402, throw in the way, throw up; expose; oppose 
C, V 

commodus^, 2074, convenient ; advantageous 

Procillus*, 1 132 
2250 Caburus, Ca-bu'-rus 

virtus^, 2138, ability, merit C, V 

humanitas'^, 230, refinement C 

adulescens, entis, m., (adulescentia, 1161), youth, (often applied 
to men of 30 or 40) 

Flaccus, riae'-eus C 
2255 civitas, 49, citizenship C 

dono, (con- iig^^) , present C, V 

fides^, 1 1 14? good faith, loyalty C, V 

lingmi*, 217, tongue, language C,V 

scientia*, (scio, 178), knowledge C 
2260 longincus, qua, cum, (longus, no, longe, 231, longitude, 341) 
distant ; long-continued ; (cf. diuturnus, 878) 

in, w. abl., 98, 380, in the case of 

pecco, 1, err; do wrong C 

una*, 491, along, together C, V 

Melius*, Me'-ti-us 
2265 hospitium^, 1587, hospitality, (guest friendship, entertainment') 

c,v 

utor^, 2153, emptloy, exercise; avail (one's) self of ; enjoy 
mando*, 758, entrust, commission C, V 

70 



BOOK I 

conspicio, (de- 813, pro- 1272, per- 1930, conspicor, 1375, sus- 
2178; noun, 712; specto, 275), observe; (cf. obseryo, etc., 
2214) 

conclam5, 1, shout out 
2270 quid, adv., (pronoun, 4), loliy ; (cf. ciir, 1922, quare, 821) C 

an, 2008, whether ; or ; often best untranslated (cf. -ne, 127) 

speculor, 1, (related to words in 2268), spy C, V 

catena, chai?i ; (cf. vinculum, 422) 

coniciof, 1404, cast; drive 

Chapter 48 

2275 promoveo, (122, per- 351, com- 790, re- 1128, sub- 1386), 7nove 
forward 
subf, 1208, ace, up to {the foot of) ; abl., at the foot of 
consido*^, 1209, sit together; settle; encamp 
postridie^, 1261, on the morrow 
praeter, 474, past C, V 
2280 ultra, prep. w. ace, (ulterior, 551; iiltro, 2058, 206/^) , beyond ; 
on the other side of 
commeatus^, 1727, supplies; (trip) 
supporto^, 1906, bring up 
intercludo^, 1283, shut off 
ex-, 950, after 
2285 continuus, a, um, (contineo, 262), (continuous), successive 
pro, 162, 333, 2184, before 

produGO, (67, ad-, in- 298, con- 442, per- 606, e- 686, tra- 704, ab- 
716, sub- 1242, re- 1462, circum- 1831, de- 2182), lead forth ; 
prolong 
acies*, 1243, edge (of vreapon), keenness; battle-line; (pitched 

battle) -C, V 
instruo^, 1244, arrange; equip 
2290 potestas*, 1970, opporturiity C, V 

desum^j 1994? be away ; be ivanting,fail 
cotidie^, 928, daily 

genus, neris, n., race, tribe ; Jcind, class ; (cf. modus, 1762) 
exerceo, 2, cui, citus, (exercitus, 75, exercitatus, 1790, exercitatio, 
1S61), practice, train ; (employ; administer) 
2295 totidem, (toti, so many + dem, just ; cf. i-dem, 9), just as many 
velox*, ocis, swift V 

71 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

copia^ 961, number 

singuli, 507, individual 

verso, 1, (related to adverto, 1293, etc.), turn; busy, engage V 
2300 versor, 1, (pass, of 2299), be engaged ; be 

durus, a, um, hard; severe; (stern) ; (cf. gravis, 1150, difficilis, 
504) C,V 

concurro, (ac- 1238, oc- 1709; noun, 634), gather, rush; rally to 
one's aid; (encounter) 

decid5, (ac- 833, 904), /a// do2vn,faU off V 

circumsist5, 3, steti, (de- 638, con- 823, sub- 910, re- 1387), stand 
around, rally around; surround; (cf. circumvenio, 1374) 
2305 quo, (cf. pronoun, 2), a7iy where 

prodeo, (70, ex- 303, sub- 479, trans- 496, red- 15 12), go forward, 
advance; (cf. proficiscor, 164, procedo, 1817) 

QXQXQ.\tdiiio^, iZQi, practice, training ; experience C 

celeritas*, (celeriter, 46), quickness; speed; (cf. alacritas, 
2027) 

iuba, 7nane V 
2310 sublevo^, 978, lift ; assist 

cursus, 4, (concurro, etc., 2302), running; speed; course; voy- 
age 

adaequo, (aequo, 1326), (make) equal; keep up ivith 

Chapter 49 

diu*, 862, (for a) long (time) C, V 

comxaeaiivLS*, 1727, supplies ; (trip) C 
2315 ultra^, 2280, beyond ; on the other side of V 

consido*, 1209, sit together ; settle ; encamp V 

idoneus*, 97, ft, suitable C 

instruo*, 1244, arrange; equip C, V 

secundus^, 875, second ; prosperous, favorable 
2320 eof, 1363, there, to that place ; there, in that place 

expeditus^, 514, unimpeded, light armed 

terreo*, (de- 999, per- logg) , frighten V 

munitio^, 633, fortif cation, (hitrenchment) ; (line of defense) 

setius, comp. adv., (positive secus; related to sequor, 181), the 

LESS 

2325 nihilo (460) setius, none the less ; (cf. nihilo minus, 460, tamen, 
587) 

72 



BOOK I 

propulso, 1, (pello, 577, propello, 908), keep driving off, keep off; 
(cf. prohibeo, 165, repugno, mo) C 

Chapter 50 

institutum^, 221, {national) custom 

paulum, adv., (paulatim, 1696; pauci, 902), a little; (cf. parve, 

233) 

pr5gredior, (ag- 756, e- 1459, con- 1773), advance, proceed ; (cf. 
proficiscor, 164, prodeo, 2306, procedo, 181 7) 
2330 faciof, 1475, give 

tum^, 985, then 

prode52, 2306, go forward, advance C, V 

meridies, ei, m., (medius, 1300, + dies, 64), midday, noon 

demum^, 986, at last 
2d35 acriter^, 1391, sharply, fiercely 

utrimque, (pronoun, 171 7), on each side, on both sides 

usque, all the way, even, " clear " 

sol*, 278, sun C, V 

occasus solis^, 287, sunset, the west 
2340 infero^, 864, inflict 

accipio^, 1584, suffer 

[quamobrem, interrog. or rel., quam, i, 5, ob, 141, res, 174, "on 
account of which (what) thing," therefore ; why ; (cf . quare, 
821, qua de causa, C. 1, qua ex parte, 328, C. 2, itaque, 102 ; 
cur, 1922, quid, 2270)] C 

decerto'2, 2152, have a combat or contest; fight it out 

mater (1066) familiae (435), matron C 
2345 sors, rtis, f ., lot 

vaticinatio, (vaies, prophet, caMO, predict), prophesy 

declare, 1, (clarus, clear), proclaim; prove; (cf. demonstro, 727, 
probo, 397, confirmo, 364, ostendo, 620, indico, 1540, de- 
sign©, 1023, niintio, 547, effero, 2230) C, V 

utrum — necne, (utrum — an, 2008), whether — or not 

ex usu^, 1525, of use; to the advantage 
2350 fas, n., (only nom. and ace. sing.), (fatum, 1889), destiny; right, 
lawful, permitted, as if adj.; (cf. lex, 222, ius, 411, iustitia, 
1115, aequitas, 1928; iustus, 2112, aecus, 2094, par, 1484; 
oportet, 428) C, V 

luna*, moon V 

73 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

Chapter 51 

postridie*, 1261, on the morrow 

alarii, orum, (ala, iving), allies, allied troops; (cf. socius, 187, 
auxilia, 39) 

pro^, 2286, hefore 
2355 pro^, 333, for, in proportion to 

valeo^, 993, he strong 

species, ei, f., (in plu. only nom. and ace), (conspicio, etc., 
2268, speculor, 2272), appearance ; show 

Hsque^, 2337, all the way, even, " clear " 

accedo*, iioi, approach; he added 
2360 turn*, 985, then C, V 

demum^, 986, at last C, V 

necessario*, 1019, unavoidahly C 

generatim, (genus, 2293), hy tribes ; (hy classes) 

Marcomani, Mar-c6m'-a-ni 
2365 Triboci*, (or es), Tri'-b6-9i 

Vangiones, Van-gi'-o-nes 

Nemetes, Nem'-e-tes 

Sedusii, Se-dii'-si-i 

raeda^, 1405, (four-wheeled Gallic) wagon 
2370 circumdo^, iZ^^$, put around, surround 

eo^, 2077, upon them C 

mulier^, 1502, looman 

pando, 3, dl, passus, (passus, 343), spread out, stretch out 

fleo^, 1 182, weep V 

Chapter 52 
2375 singuli^, 507, 2298, one hy one ; separate ; individual 

quaestor*, (related to quaero, 1030), questor, quartermaster-general 
(serving as paymaster also) C 

praeficio^, 677, place over, put in command of (w. dat.) 

testis^, 891, witness C, V 

quisque*, 484, each C, V 
2380 a^ 1287, on, in 

dexter, tra, tnim, (dextra, 1183), right 

cornii*, 57, horn ; loing (of an army) V 

firmus^, 416, strong, stable 

animadverto^ 1109? notice ; w. in (+ ^cc), punish 

74 



BOOK I 

2385 acriter^, 1391? sharply, fiercely 

repente, (repentinus, 789), suddenly; (cf. subito, 1867, de im- 
proviso, 807, celeriter, 46) 

procurro, (ac- 1238, oc- 1709, con- 2302), run forward V 

pilum^, i32g, Javelin 

reicio^, 13 19, throw aside 
2390 comminus, adv., (manus, 114), 7ia?ul to hand 

af"^, 2136, hut, yet 

ex, 1543, according to 

excipio^, 1389, taJce up, capture; receive; meet 

complures*, 625, (rt good) many C 
2395 insilio, 4, silui, (salio, leap), leap upon 

scutum^ 1338, shield 

revello, (e- 1344), tear aicay ; pull out 

desuper, adv., (de, 247, supra, 1306; cf. sn23erus, 692, superbe, 
1620, siipero, 1010), from above V 

a^, 1287, on, in 
2400 sinister, tra, trum, (sinistra, 1345). left 

vehementer*, 1808, violently ; severely C 

premo, (ex- 1661, op- 2180), press; press hard; (cf. perseqnor, 
801, insequor, 899, lacesso, 912 ; pass. = laboro, 1561) 

animadverto*, 1109, notice; w. in (4- slcc), punish C 

adulescens^, 2253, the younger 
2405 expedio^ 514, disentangle, get ready ; 'pavt., free, unimpeded, light- 
armed C, V 

inter^, 1791, icithin C, V 

versor-, 2300, he engaged ; he 

laboro-, 1561, st?^ive {for) ; he anxious; he in distress 

subsidium, (sedes, 1611. consido, 1209; circiimsisto, etc., 2304), 
reserve {force); aid; (cf. auxilium, 39; praesidium, 608) 

Chapter 53 

2410 restituo^, 1087, restore, {reneio) 
tergum, hack 
vert5, (a- 947, animad- 1109, con- 1286, ad- 1293, reverter, 595; 

verso. 2299, 2300; adversiis, 1095), turn 
prius — quam*, 2122, &e/bre C, V 

fugio, (pro- 1598, per- 1442 ; fnga, 725, fugitivus, 1275, perfuga, 
1464), ^ee; fee from, avoid ; (cf. me recipio, 726) 

75 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

2415 perpauci*, 511, very few 
vis, 207, pill., strength 

c5nfido^ 1284, believe, trust (in) ; rely (on) 
trano, 1, swim across V 
linter^, 744, skiff 
2420 invenio, (circum- 1374, 201, con- 538, per- 553 ; conveDtus, 1032, 

ad- 557), come upoji ; find; find out; (cf. reperio, 1035; 

cognosco, 51, disco, 815; coiispicio, 2268, animadverto, 1109, 

intueor, 1653, observo, 2214) 
[pario, 3, peperi, partus, pariturus, (re- 1035, com- 1236), hring 

forth ; produce ; gain'] C, V 
inf, 380, among, in the land of 

navicula, (navis, 126, trano, 2418), little boat ; (cf. linter, 744) 

deligo, 1, (contrast deligo, 3, 374), "bind from," bind to, tie (to) 

2425 nanciscor, 3, nactus sum, happen upon; meet with; (cf. invenio, 

2420, reperio, 1035; occurro, 1709; consequor, 786; accido, 

833) 
profugio^, 1598, escape 

consequor*, 786, pursue, overtake ; attain C, V 
uxor 2, 1072, wife 

Sueba, (Suebi, 1802), Swebian (woman) 
2430 natio*, (related to natiira, 311), nation, people ; (cf. genus, 2293, 

populus, 155, ci vitas, 49) C 
Noricus^, 495, Norican 
Voccio, onis, Voe'-cio 
duco, 650, marry ; see nubo, etc., 1077 
pereo, (trans- 496, 70, ex- 303, sub- 479, red- 1512, prod- 2306; 

aditus, 2111), perish; (cf. cado, 904, pass, of interficio, 100, 

occido, 576, concido, 757 ; mortem conscisco, 459 ; morior, 

451) 
2435 occido^, 576, slay 

custos^, 1203, guard C, V 

trini, ae, a, (quini, 924, seni, 925, tres, 13, tertius, 216, triplex, 

1 301), three (each), triple 
catena^, 2273, chain 
vincio, 4, vinxi, vinctus, (cf. vinculum, 422 ; contrast vinco, 205), 

bind ; (cf . deligo, 2424) C, V 
2440 traho, (con- 1729, de- 2076, sub- 2162), draw; drag; lead; (cf, 

duco, 67) C, V 

76 



BOOK I 

insequor^j 899, pursue 
[persequor^, 801, pursue^ C 

incido, (ac- 833, 904, de- 2303; casus, 769), fall into, fall upon; 
happen upon ; (cf. nanciscor, 2425, invenio, 2420, occurro, 

1709) 

quidem'-, 1926, indeed 
2445 voluptas, (volo, 209; voluntas, 570) , pleasure C, V 

a.fieYb'^, 2120, bring to ; contribute; report; allege; occasion 

honestus, a, um, (honor, 1086, honorificus, 21 19), honorable, 
icorthy ; (cf. nobilis, 290, bonus, 41, amplus, 2106) C 

familiaris*, iiss, J^ersonal friend, intimate friend C 

hospes, pitis, c, (hospitium, 1587), guest; host V 
2450 eripio^, 444, rescue, take away 

restituo'^, 1087, restore, (i^enew) C, V 

gratulati5, (gratulor, 1517, gratas, 2188, gratia, 91), congratula- 
tion ; rejoicing C 

quisquam^, 1124, any one, anything 

deminuo^, 1084, lessen; take aicay (from) C 
2455 ter, adv., (tres, 13, tertius, 216, trini, 2437, triplex, 1301), three 
times C, V 

sors2, 2345, lot C, V 

consulo, 3, lui, sultus, (consilium, 54, concilium, 1027, consul- 
turn, 2117, consul, 55, consulatus, 1737), deliberate ; consult 

c,v 

utnim — an^, 2008, whether — or 

statim, (related to insto, gsj) , forthwith ; (cf. repente, 2386) 
2460 nec5, 1, (nex, g6g), put to death; (cf. interficio, 100, occido, 576, 

concido, 757, mortem conscisco, 459) 
inf, 370, for 
reserve, (ob- 2214; servus, 182, servitiis, 715, servilis, ig^S), keep 

(back) ; (cf. retineo, 1029) 
incolumis, e, unhurt, safe; uni?npaired 

Chapter .54 

Ubii*, U'-bi-i 
2465 proximus, 167, here w. ace. as if prep., cf. propius, 2215, prope, 
1249 
senti52, 102^, feel; perceive 
insequor^, 899, pursue 

77 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

occido*, 576, slay C 

aestas, summer 
2470 mature^, 1708, early, speedily 

paulo, adv., abl. form of paulum, 2328, (by) a little 

hiberna^, 685, winter quarters 

deducS^, 2182, lead away ; lead down 

praep5no, (153, dis- 609, de- 857, pro- 989, inter- 2071, im- 2080), 
put in charge 0/ (+ dat.) ; (cf. praeficio, 677) C 
2475 conventus^, 1032, assembly, court C, V 

ago, 27, 2039, conduct 

Book II : Chapter 1 

2477 [hibernal 685, ivinter quarters'] 

ita uti^, 1S05, just as 

supra^, 1306, above; before 
2480 demonstro*, 727, shoiu, explain C 

creber, bra, brum, (thick) ; repeated ; crowded, numerous ; (cf . 
continuus, 2285, confertus, 1318) 

rumor*, report, rumor ; (cf. nuntius, 1427) C, V 

affero^, 2130, bring to ; contribute; report; allege; occasion C, V 

littera*, 1426, letter C 
2485 contra*, 2148, against, opposite, (w. ace.) C, V 

coniur5, 1, (coDiuratio, 299; iuro, 412), (take oath together); 
conspire, plot 

vereor*, 1121, fear, (stand in awe of) C, V 

pac5*, $iS, 2)0 cify, subjugate C, V 

deinde*, 1324, then, next C, V 
2490 sollicito, 1, instigate, tempt; (disturb); (cf. incito, 446, induco, 
adduco, 298, persuadeo, 150, commoveo, 790, permoveo, 351) 

partim, (pars, 145), partly 

versor^, 2300, be engaged ; be 

hiemo^, 684, winter 
2494 inveterasco, 3, avi, (vetus, 804), (grow old) ; become established C 
2500 moleste, with difficulty ; (cf. aegre, 792, vix, 505) C 

moleste fero (80), be displeased C 

mobilitas, (moveo, 122), changeableness ; quickness, activity 

levitas, (lightness) ; fickleness C 

studeo^, 653, be eager (for), (w. dat.) 

78 



BOOK II 

2505 conduce*, 442, gather 

facultas*, 583, opportunity, ability, {supply; plu., means, re- 

sources) C 
vulgo^, 1893, commonly ; everywhere C, V 

Chapter 2 

ineo, (sub- 479, eo, 70, ex- 303, trans- 496, red- 15 12, prod- 2306, 

per- 2434; initium, 259), go into, enter ; begin; (cf. initium 

capere, 260, coepi, 50) 
aestas*, 2469, summer C, V 
2510 deducof, 2182, lead away ; lead down 
Pedius, Ped'-i-us 
pabulum^, g^o, fodder V 
incipio, (sus- 376, ac- 394, re- 499, de- 839, prae- 1246, ex- 1389, 

capio, 42), begin; (cf. coepi, 50, ineo, 2508, initium capere, 

260) C, V 
negotium.^, 1731, business ; undertaking ; difficulty, tax 
2515 Senones, um, Sen'-o-nes 
constanter, persistently 
vero^, 749, truly ; but 
quin^ 403, (but) that 
[provideo, (204, di- 211), foresee ; provide (for), see to; (take 

care) ; (cf . paro, comparo, 355) ] 

Chapter 3 

2520 (de) improviso^, 807, unexpectedly (V) 

O'pinio, belief , idea ; impression; reputation; expectation; (cf . sen- 

tentia, 2196) 
Remi*, the Re'-mi ; sing., one of the Remi 
Iccius*, Ic'-ei-us 
Andebrogius, An-de-bro'-gi-us 
2525 primi*, orum, m., (primus, 159), foremost men, leaders; (cf. 
princeps, 160, dux, 373, magistratus, 449) V 
consentio, (1024; consensus, 1545; sententia, 2196), agree; unite; 

(cf. iungo, 623) C 
coniiiro^, 2486, conspire, plot 
imperatum, (impero, 554, imperator, 1945, imperium, 307), the 

thing commanded 
ceterus*, 1650, {the) other C, V 

79 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

2530 iuvo^ 1429, help C, V 

cis, w. ace, on this side of; (cf. citra, 750; ultra, 2280, trans, 
196) 

furor% igss J rage, frenzy C, V 

Suessiones*, the Suessiones (Swes-si-o'-nes) 

consanguineus^^ 721, kinsman V 
2535 utor*, 2153, employ, exercise; avail (one's) self of ; enjoy 

deterreo^, 999, intimidate ; prevent 

quin^, 1^02, from (translating subjunctive as gerund) 

consentio'^, 2526 

Chapter 4 

quantus^, 1020, how much, how great ; as (w. tantus) 
2540 plerique, plu. adj. or subst., (plerumque, 1964), the most of 

the(ni), very many 
orior^, 272, arise, (sfai^t) ; be descended 

antiquitus, adv., (anticus, 1085, ante, 32, 385), informer times 
fertilitas, productiveness 
expello*, (pro- 908, ini- 1935; inter- 2173; re- 636, 577), drive 

out C, V 
2545 solus, 1031, only one C, V 
vexo^, 856, molest 
intra*, 1676, within C, V 
ingredior, (ag- 756, e- 1459, con- 1773, pro- 2329), enter; (cf. 

ineo, 2508, subeo, 479) C, V 
spiritus^, 1710, breath; plu., airs, conceit C, V 
2550 sumo*, 592, take, exact, assume 

exploro, 1, (relation to imploro, 1591, remote; cf. explorator, 

']/fi),find out; reconnoiter ; (cf. speculor, 2272, quaero, 1030, 

invenio, 2420, and synonyms there) 
propinquitas, (cf. propincus, 977, 1075, propinqua, 1076, prope, 

12^0^) , nearness ; kinship; (cf. necessitudo, 2115) 
affinitas^, 1080, relationship (by marriage) 
quantusf, 1020, hoiv much, how great; as (w. tantus) 
2555 pliirimum valeo*, 994, be very strong 
Bellovaci*, the Bel-15v'-a-9i 
conficio, 366, furnish; (colligo, 1341, comporto, 953, confero, 952, 

cogo, 52, conduco, 442) 
eligo, (de- 374, Intel- 669, col- 1341, neg- 1760), choose 

80 



BOOK II 

ferax, acis, (fero, So), fertile; (cf. fertilitas, 2543) 
2560 possideo'^, 1726, ^osse.ss 

cum (60) — turn (985), not only — hut also ; (cf. et — et, 322) 

Britannia, Britain 

Galba, Gal'-ba 

priidentia, sagacity C, V 
2565 defero, (80, dif- 223, in- 327, ef- 485, con- 952, per- 1006, prae- 
1007, re- 1358, af- 2130), bring down; give over; report; (cf. 
nuntio, 547, demon stro, 727, ostendo, 620) 

totidem*, 2295, just as many V 

Nervii*, the Ner'-vi-i 

Atrebates*, um, the At-re-ba'-tes 

Ambiani, the Am-bi-a'-ni 
2570 Morini, the Mor'-i-ni 

Menapii, the Me-na'-pi-i 

Caleti, the Cal'-e-ti 

Veliocasses, the Vel-i-o-eas'-ses 

Viromandui, the Vir-o-man'-du-i 
2575 Aduatuci*, the Ad-u-at'-ii-^i 

Condrusi, the C6n-drii'-si 

Eburones, um, the Eb-ti-ro'-nes 

Caerosi, the Caerosi (Se-ro'-si) 

Caemani, the Caemani (Sem'-a-ni) 
2580 arbitror, 339, estimate C 

Chapter 5 

liberaliter, (liber, 2192, hbere, 1033, liberalitas, 1042), graciously ; 

generously ; (cf. largiter, 1063) 
prosequor, (181, con- 786, per- 801, in- 899), follow up, pursue ; 

accompany; honor 
diligenter, (diligentia, 1939), carefully 
magnopere^, 811, 1820, very much; zealously 
2585 doceo^, 21 10, teach, explain; inform 

quanto (1020) opere (144), how greatly C 

inter'sum^, 926, intervene ; impers., he to the interest (of, gen.) ; 

have apart in (+ dat.) 
distineo, (194, per- 238, ob- 258, con- 262, re- 1029, abs- 1254, 

sus- 1297), keep apart ; keep away 

a 81 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

c5nfligo, 3, ixi, ictus, contend; (cf. pugno, 169, contendo, 254, 
bello, 329, congredior, 1773) C, V 
2590 introduce, (67, ad- 298, in- 298, con- 442, per- 606, e- 686, tra- 
704, ab- 716, sub- 1242, re- 1462, circum- 1831, de- 2182, 
pro- 2287), lead (into) 

populor*, 705, lay waste, ravage V (not dep.) 

Axona, ae, m., Aisne (An) 

exter(us')*, 271, outside; outer; outmost, furthest, last C, V 

maturo^, 548, hasten C, V 
2595 tutus, a, um, safe 

efficio^, 1847, complete, fonn ; render; accomplish 

pars*, 314, side ; also 328, etc. C, V 

Titurius Sabinus*, Ti-tu'-ri-us Sa-bi'-nus 

vallum^, 1 40 1, rampart 
2600 fossa^, 605, ditch, trench 

Chapter 6 

Bibrax, actis, f., Bi'-brax 

aegre^, 792, ivith difficulty ; (superl., iv. greatest difficulty) 

sustento, 1, endure, withstand ; support ; (cf . f ero, 80, patior, 532, 

sustineo, 1297) 
oppugnatio, (oppugno, 498), (method of) attack 
2605 circumicio, (de- 621, re- 1319, dis- 1331, ob- 1402, con- 1404, sub- 
1409, pro- 1433, in- 2237), place around 
moenia, ium, (munio, 611), walls, fortifications ; (cf. miirus, 124, 

vallum, 1 401) 
lapis^, 2219, stone 
iacio, 3, ieci, iactus, (circum-, etc., 2605), throw, cast; construct; 

(cf. perduco, 606; statuo, 731; mitto, 118) 
defensor, (defendo, 706), defender 
2610 nudo, 1, (niidus, 1353), uncover; leave unprotected 

testudo, dinis, f ., (tortoise) ; (movable shed) ; shield-formation V 

porta, (porto, 475), gate 

succedo*, 1322, (go under) ; approach ; (stand next) ; succeed 

c,v 

[succendo, (in- 473), set fire to ; (cf. cremo, 430, comburo, 476)] 
2615 subruo, 3, rui, utus, undermine 

consists^, 823, take a stand, halt ; settle, rest 
subsidium^, 2409, reserve (force) ; aid 

82 



BOOK II 

submitto, (ii8, com- 822, prae- 895, di- 1028, ad- 1237, ^- 1352, 
inter- 1419, a- 1471, per- 1546, de- 1652, re- 2135), (let 
down) ; send (secredy) ; supply 

Chapter 7 

de, as in 752, in, during 
2620 medius*, 1300, (iyi) the middle {of), (in) the midst (of) 

Numidae, Nii-mid'-i-ans 

Cretae or Cretes, um, Cretans 

Sagittarius, archer 

funditor, slinger , 

2625 Balearis, e, Bal-e-ar'-ie, (i.e. from the Balearic Isles) 

subsidium^, 2409, reserve (force) ; aid 

oppidanus, (oppidum, 143), townsman 

defensio, (defendo, 706, defensor, 2609), defense 

studium*, mi, eagerness ; zeal, devotion; (study) C, V 
2630 propugno, (169, op- 498, ex- 717, re- mo, im- 2164), go forth to 
fight ; drive the enemy away 

paulisper, (paulum, 2328, paulo, 2471), for a little while ; (con- 
trast paulatim, 1696) 

depopulor*, 705, lay waste, ravage 

quo, (612, 830, 2305), RELATIVE, where, to which; interroga- 
tive, where; (cf. ubi, 197, qua, 506) 

adeo, (in-, etc., 2508, aditus, 2111), approach; attack; (enter 
upon); (cf. accedo, iioi, aggredior, 756, appeto, 1921, ado- 
rior, 809) 
2635 a, ab, (24), adv., away, off 

fumus, smoke V 

significo, 1, (signum, 1380, facio, 79), indicate 

pateo*, 348, extend, be open (of lands) C, V 

Chapter 8 

primo*, 1571, at first C, V 
2640 eximius, a, um, unusual; (cf. egregius, 1113) C 

opinio^, 2521, belief, idea; impression; reputation; (expecta- 
tion) 
supersedeo, (pos- 1726, consido, 1209, sedes, 161 1), refrain 

(from) ; (cf. abstineo, 1254) 
cotidie*, 928, daily C 

83 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

periclitor, 1, (periculum, 149, 1940), make trial (of) ; {endanger) ; 
(cf. experior, 1636) C 
2645 inferior (274), inferior 

prof, 2286, before 

opportunus*, 1535, advantageous 

collis*, 1 24 1, hill V 

paululum, (paulum, 2328, paulo, 2471 ; paulatim, 1696 ; paulis- 
per, 2631), a very little 
2650 planities*, 2090, level space, plain 

editus, a, um, part, of edo, 1626, rising, elevated; (cf. altus, 
28) 

tantum (1188) — quantum (cf. 1020), so much — as C 

adversus (1095), in front 

exf, 313, on 
2655 delectus, 4, (deicio, 621), slope, declivity 

lateris delectus, lateral declivities 

inf, 340, in; also 528, toward 

frons, ontls, i., front; {forehead) 

lenlter, (lenitas, 738), gently 
2660 fastigatus, a, um, sloping 

paulatim*, 1696, gradually V 

trans versus, a, um, (verto, 2412), cross-, at right angles V 

fossa*, 605, ditch, trench 

obduco, (67, Intro- 2590, etc.), {draw before) ; extend (trans.) V 
2665 extremus (271), the end{s) of 

castellum^, 610, outpost, redoubt, fort 

tormentum, hurling machine ; {torture) 

tantum*, 1188, so much; gen., of so much ivorth C, V 

tantum possum (like plurimum p., 405, minimum p., 1160), he 
so strong 
2670 abf, 1287, on, in 

proxlme^, 1309, last 

quo^, 2305, anyivhere 

opus,3 1724, need, w. abl. = of 

subsldlum*, 2409, reserve {force) ; aid C 

Chapter 9 

2675 palus^, 1969, swamp 

aggredlor^, 756, attack 

84 



BOOK II 

neuter, tra, trum, g. neutrius, (ne, 8io, uter, either, 740), neither 
(of two) ; ^\vl., neither party 

secundus*, 875, second; prosperous, favorable C, V 

protinus, at once ; (cf . statim, 2459) V 
2680 Axona^, 2592, Aisne 

vadum*, $21, ford, shoal V 

is*, 826, this C, V 

castellum*, 610, outpost, redoubt, fort V 

expugno^, 717, storm, take by storm 
2685 interscindo, (re- 556), break down 

minus^, 2240, not 

Chapter 10 

levis, e, (levitas, 2503), light; (swift}; (trivial); (antonym, 
gravis, 1150) 

annatura, (arma, 33, armo, 1959), armor 

Numidae^, 2621, Numidians 
2690 funditor^, 2624, slinger 

Sagittarius^, 2623, archer 

acriter*, 1391, sharply, fiercely C 

aggredior*, 756, attack V 

per^, 853, by (means of), (by, in swearing) 
2695 repello*, 636, drive back C, V 

de, as in 903, of C, V 

expiigno^, 717, storm, take by storm 

fallo, 3, fefelli, falsus, deceive, disappoint ; elude ; (cf . decipio, 
839, circumvenio, 1374) 

inicus^, 2154, uneven; unequal ; unfair, disadvantageous 
2700 progredior^, 2329, advance, proceed 

deficiS, (inter- 100, af- 332, con- 366, per- 399, prae- 677, satis- 
887, commone- 1136, pro- 1819, ef- 1847, 79), /a^7; revolt; 
(cf. desum, 1994, absum, 232, neglego, 1760) 

introduco*, 2590, lead (into) C 

potius^, 2201, rather ; superl., most preferably C, V 

alienus^, 900, another's, unfavorable, foreign 
2705 decerto^, 2152, have a combat or contest, fight it out 

domesticus, a, um, (domus, 66), household; (native); local; 
(civil) ; (cf. privatus, 471) C 

copiaf, 941, supply 

85 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

sententia.^, 2ig6, opinion ; (purport; sentence) 
quoque^, 248, also 
2710 ratio, 1477, consideration 
deduce, 2182, lead, bring 

appropinquo, 1, (propincus, 977, 1075, propinquitas, 2552), draw 
near ; (cf . adeo, etc., 2634) 

Chapter 11 

strepitus, 4, din ; rattling 

tumultus*, 1949, uproar; uprising ; (confusion) C, V 
2715 egredior^, 1459, go forth, (disembark) 

ordo*, 1913, row, layer; order, arrangement ; position, rank C, V 

propero, 1, hasten ; (cf . maturo, 548, contendo, 254) 

facio, 79, 785, 1475, cause 

consimilis, e, (similis, 185), very similar 
2720 statim^, 2459, forthwith 

speculator, (speculor, 2272), spy ; (cf. explorator, 746) C 

insidiae^, 819, ambush, ambuscade ; plots 

perspicio^, 1930, see through; examine; perceive 

Pedius^, 25 1 1 
2725 Aurunculeius Cotta*, Aurunculeius Cotta (A-run-cu-le'-yus) 

praeficio*, 677, place over, put in command of C, V 

subsequor, (181, con- 786, per- 801, in- 899, pro- 2582), follow 
closely 

adorior^, 809, attack 

prosequor^, 2582, follow up, pursue ; accompany ; honor 
2730 iugio*, 2/[i/^, flee ; flee from, avoid C, V 

concido^, 757, slay, cut off 

extremus^, 2665, the end(s) of 

consistSf, 823, take a stand, halt; settle, rest 

fortiter*, (fortis, 85, fortitudo, 337), bravely; [cf. cum virtute 
(250)] C 
2735 prior, ius, (comp. of primus, 159; cf. prius — quam, 2122), 
former; in front; (first, like adv.) 

necessitas, (uecessario, 1019, necessarius, 976, 720, necessitiido, 
211$), necessity ; urgency 

exaudio, (audio, 36), hear (distinctly) C, V 

clamor, shout (ing) ; (cf. strepitus, 2713) 

perturbo^, 1870, disturb, distress, embarrass 

86 



BOOK II 

2740 sub, w. ace, 189, 1208, towards, shortly before 
occasus solis*, 287, sunset, the west C, V 

me recipio**, 726, "recover (one's) self," betake (one's) self, 
retreat C, V 

Chapter 12 

terror, (terreo, etc., 2322), dread ; (cf. timor, 1257) 

Noviodunum, N^o-vi-o-dii'-num 
2745 vacuus, a, um, (vaco, 1478), empty, stripped (+ ab = of) ; (idle) ; 
(cf. nudus, 1353) 

defensor*, 2609, defender V 

expugno*, 717, storm, take by storm 

vinea, siege shed ; (cf. testudo, 261 1) 

ago (27, 2039, 2476), advance 
2750 agger, eris, m., (cf. gero, 89), mound ; materials for mound 

iacio*, 2608, throw, cast ; construct C, V 

turris, is, f ., ace. im or em, abl. i or e, (siege) tower 

audio (36), HEAR OF 

celeritas*, 2308, quickness ; speed C 
2755 permoveo*, 351, arouse ; influence C 
deditio*, 1432, surrender C 
conservo, (ob- 2214, re- 2/^62), pi^e serve 

Chapter 13 

Galba2, 2563 

Bratuspantium, Brat-us-pan'-ti-um 
2760 maior natu, maximus natu, older; eldest; plu. comp., elders; 
(cf. maior, 814 ; from magnus, 11 1 : cf. vetus, 804) 

natii, (abl. of 4th decL, other cases wanting), birth V 

egredior*, 1459, go forth, disembark; (also 2167) C, V 

tend5, 3, tetendi, tentus or tensus, (con- 254, os- 620), stretch C, V 

significo*, 2637, iridicate 
2765 mulier*, 1502, woman C 

pando^, 2373, spjread out, stretch out V 

Chapter 14 

discessus*, 4, (discedo, 893), departure ; (cf. profectio, 371) C, V 
verba (1181) facio (79, 1475), speak; (cf. dico, 63, loquor, 
1205) C 

87 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

Aeduus, a, um, (noun, 388), Aeduan 
2770 im.-^Qllo'^, K^'iS, drive forward ; urge on; instigate 

redigo^, 2207, reduce ; render ; bring (hack) 

indlgnitas, (dignitas, 2127), c^f^^race 

contumelia^, 847, mistreatment 

deficio^, 2701, fail; revolt 
2775 Britannia*, 2562, Britain 

profugio*, 1598, escape C 

dementia, mildness; mercy ; (cf. lenitas, 738) 

mansuetiido, dinis, f., gentleness, kindness 

in (98), toward 
2780 amplifico, 1, (deficio, etc., 2701 ; ampins, etc., 2106), ex- 
tend C 

Opis^, 1 163, ability ; aid ; plu., wealth, resources 

incido^, 2443, fall into, fall upon ; happen upon C, V 

sustento^, 2603, endure, icithstand ; support C 

Chapter 15 

cSnservo^, 2757, preserve 
2785 praesto^, 305, excel; show ; (also looi, 1003) 

posco^, 1443, demand V 

Ambiani^, 2569 

mora, (moror, 121), delay 

dedo, (tra- 195, ab- 761, pro- 825, e- 1626, red- 1746, circum- 
1845, de-per- 2126, do, 65 ; deditio, 1432, dediticius, 1454), 
surrender; (^devote) 
2790 attingo^, 265, touch, reach 

aditus^, 21 1 1, approach, access; avenue of approach; (^opportu- 
nity) 

vinum*, (cf. vinea, 2748, arbor), wine C, V 

luxuria, self-indulgence C 

relanguesco, 3, gui, become enfeebled 
2795 remitto^, 2135, send back, restore ; relax, give up 

increpito, 1, censure; taunt; (cf. incuso, 1916, reprehendo, 
1196) 

ded52, 2789 

patrius, a, um, (pater, i^j), paternal, native C, V 

proicio^, 1433, throw forward ; cast aside 
2800 condicio*, 1487, condition, terms; proposition C 



BOOK II 

Chapter 16 

invenio^, 2420, come upon ; find ; find out C, V 

Sabis, is, m., Sam'-bre 

amplius^, 1744? further, any more; super!., most generously; 
(subst., 923, more) 

experior^, 1636, make a trial of (it) ; " see " 
2805 Aduatuci^, 2575 

per^, 2226, because of; (disregarding, in violation of) 

aetas, age 

inutilis, e, (utor, 200, tisus, 1524), useless 

qu5^, 2633, rel., ivliere, to ivhich ; interrog., where 
2810 palus*, 1969, swamp V 

aditus*, 21 1 1, approach, access; avenue of approach; opportu- 
nity C, V 

Chapter 17 

dediticius, adj., (n. 1454), surrendered 

quidam*, 1542, certain (one), etc. C 

perspicio*, 1930, see through ; examine ; perceive C 
2815 singulij. 507, (2298), one hy one; separate; individual 

impedimenta (1^17), piles or loads of baggage 

intercedo"^, 589, intervene, exist (as relation between) C 

quisquam*, 11 24, any one, anything C 

negotium^, 1731, business; undertaking; difficulty, task 
2820 sarcinae^, 1313, soldiers' packs 

adorior^, 809, attack 

diripio, (e- 444; rapina, 918), tear asunder ; plunder; (cf. Yasto, 
713, populor, 705) C, V 

contra^, 1051, opposite, in opposition 

adiuvo^, 1429, help C, V 
2825 defero^, 2565, bring down ; give over ; report 

antiquitus'^, 2542, informer times 

nihil possum, (tan turn possum, etc., 2669), be not at all strong 

neque enim (868), and (so) for — not, for indeed — not; (cf. 
nam que, 1822) C 

studeo^, 653, be eager (for), (w. dat.) 
2830 quisquis, quicquid or quidquid, (quis, 2), subst. indefinite, who- 
ever, whatever C 

pedester, tris, tre, (pedes, 2065, pes, i<,i), foot-, infantry- 

89 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

valeo (993), rely upon (+ abl.) C, V 

quo^, 612, "by which/' in order that 

praedor, 1, plunder ; (cf. diripio, etc., 2822) 
2835 tener, era, erum, tender V 

arbor, oris, f., tree 

incido, (oc- 576, con- 757; contrast incido, 2443), cut into, notch 
C,V 

inflecto^, 1343, lend V 

creber^, 2481, (thick) ; repeated ; crowded, numerous 
2840 in^, 2779, toward 

in latitndinem, " toward the width," laterally 

ramus, hranch V 

enascor, (in- 2030) , sprout 

rubus, hramhle, hlacTcherry-hush 
2845 sentis, is, m., thorri-bush V 

intericio, (de- 621, circum-, etc., 2605), put between, plant between; 
intersperse ; (pass., intervene) 

efficio^, 1847, complete, form; render; accomplish 

instar, indeclinable, likeness; (size) V 

saepes, is, f., hedge 
2850 miinimentum, (munio, 611, miinitio, 633, moenia, 2606), defen- 
sive work 

praebeo, 2, bui, bitus, (prae + habeo, 92; cf. pro- 165, ad- 1195), 
offer, furnish ; (cf. subministro, 1986) 

quo^, 2633, rel., where, to which ; interrog., where 

intro, 1, (inter, 99, 1791), enter; (cf. subeo, 479, ineo, 2508, 
ingredior, 2548) V 

iter^, 617, passage C, V 
2855 omitto, (118, sub-, etc., 2618), leave out; neglect; (cf. relinquo, 
173, neglego, 1760) C 

Chapter 18 

summum, (superus, 692, summa, 1504), top 
aequaliter, (aecus, 2094, aeqnitas, 1928, aequo, 1326), evenly 
declivis, e, sloping (down) ; (cf. fastigatus, 2660) 
Sabis^, 2802, Sambre 
2860 supra^, 1306, above ; before 

nomino, 1, (nomen, 134, nominatim, 1496), name; (cf. appello, 
220, voco, 208, dico, 535) C 

90 



BOOK II 

vergo^ 269, he situated 

acclivitas, (declivis, 2858), (^upward) slope ; (cf. deiectus, 2655) 

nascor, (in- 2030, e- 2843 ; natii, 2761), be horn, produced, raised, 

found (metals, etc.) ; arise; rise; (cf. orior, 272) 
2865 adversus^, 1095, opposite ; unsuccessful ; (2653, in front) 

contrarius, a, um, (contra, 2148, 1051), opposite, on the other side 
infimus, a, um, (274, 2645), the bottom of the, the base of it 
silvestris, e, (silva, 184), icooded C 
introrsus, adv., (cf. introduco, 2590, intro, 2853 ; part, of verto, 

2412), icithin 
2870 in occulto'-, 1554, in secret, in concealment 
secundum'^, 1685. following ; along; besides 
static, (statuo, 731), guard (post), picket ; (cf. praesidium, 608, 

custos, 1203) 

Chapter 19 

subsequor^, 2^2^, follow closely 
ratiof, i^yy, plan, planning ; account; reason 
2875 aliter, (alius, 214), otherwise 
me habeo (92), be C, V 

^c (391), in comparisons of equality, as; of difference, than 
defers^, 2565, binng down ; give over; report 
appropinquo*, 2712, draw near C 
2880 expeditus*, $i^,free, unimpeded, light-armed 
inde^, 700, thence, from there, after that 
proxime*, 1309. last 
claudo-, 1366, close, shut (iri) 
funditor^, 2624, slinger 
2885 Sagittarius*, 2623, archer 

transgredior, (ag- 756, e- 1459, con- 1773, pro- 2329, in- 2548), 

cross ; (cf. transeo, 496) 
identidem. (idem, 9), again and again; (cf. semel atque iterum, 

1582) 
riirsus^, 1376, again 
porrigo, 3, rexi, rectus, (pro, 2286, + rego, direct), stretch out; 

(cf. pertineo, 238, tendo, 2763, pateo, 348) V 
2890 cedo, (prae- 251, con- 579, inter- 589, dis- 893, ac- iioi, sue- 1322, 

de- 1609, pro- 1817), yield ; withdraw; (cf. me recipio, 726, 

fugio, 2414) C, V 

91 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

insequor**, 899, pursue V 

dimetior, 4, mensus sum, measure off 

abd53, 761, hide (often reflex.) 

lateo, 2, tui, be hidden, lurk ; escape notice 
2895 convenio^, 1780, impers. or with res or pron. subj., he fitting, he 
agreed upon C, V 

subito^, 1867, suddenly 

provolo, 1, fly forth, rush forth 

proturbo, (per- 1870), drive before (one) 

decurro, (ac- 1238, oc- 1709, con- 2302, pro- 2387), run down 
2900 adverse (1095, 2653) colle (1241), " the hill (being) in front," 
up hill 

occupatus*, (part, of 384), occupied, busy C, V 

Chapter 20 

vexillum, standard, banner 

propon53, 989, set before (+ dat.), set forth; disclose; present 

insigne^, 1240, distinctive sign, badge; signal; uniform 
2905 concurro^, 2302, gather, rush; rally to (one's) aid; encounter 

tuba, trumpet; (cf. cornii, 57) V 

revoco, (208, con- 960), recall, call away 

paulo^, 2471, (by) a little 

agger^, 2750, mound ; materials for mound 
2910 'procedb*, iSiy, advance ; continue V 

arcesso^, 1570? summon 

brevitas*, (brevis, 1988), shortness 

incursus, 4, (decurro, etc., 2899), assault; (cf. impetus, 1251, 
oppugnatio, 2604) 

[successus, 4, (succedo, 1322), approach*; (cf. aditus, 211 1, ad- 
ventus, 557)] V 
2915 difacultas*, (difficilis, 504), difficulty; trouble; (cf. negotium, 
1731, labor, 2195) C 

superior (6g2), former 

exerceo^, 22g/[, practice, train; (employ; administer); exercita- 
tus, 1790, experienced, etc. C, V 

commode^, 1346, conveniently, easily 

doceo*, 21 10, teach, explain; inform C, V 
2920 singuli, 2298, (507) ; also, respective 

veto, 1, tui, titus, forbid ; (cf . prohibeo, 165, interdico, 2232) V 

92 



BOOK II 

propinquitas^, 2552, nearness, kinship 
per se^, 2049, on Ms part ; of himself, etc. 
videor (529), ^ee/Tz good, seem best 
2925 administro, 1, manage ; (cf . gero, 8g) 

Chapter 21 

fors, abl., forte, f., (cf. fortiina, 732), chance; (cf. casus, 769, 

sors, 2345) 
offer5, ferre, obtuli, oblatus, (de-, etc., 2565), offer, present ; bring ; 

(cf. fero, 80, ostendo, 620, obicio, 1402) 
decurro*, 2899, run doivn V 

deveniO; (201, con- 538, per- 553, circum- 1374, in- 2420), come 
down ; reach 
2930 pristinus^, 806, previous 

neu = neve, 1749, or that not, and that not ; 1428, or lest, or 
perturbo*, 1870, disturb, distress, embarrass C 
quo^, 2633, rel., where, to which ; interrog., where 
adigo, (ago, 27, redigo, 2207, cogo, 52), drive (to); {push for- 
ward) ; hurl ; (bind [by an oath] ) ; (cf . adduce, 298, affero, 
2130; iacio, 2608, mitto, 118) 
2935 [adicio, (de- 621, circum-, etc., 2605, inter- 2846; 2608), cast; 
add~\ 
occurro^, 1709, run to, encounter, oppose (w. dat.) ; present (it) self 

(to the sight, mind) ; rush 
exiguitas, scantiness, shortness ; (cf. inopia, 1431, brevitas, 2912) 
dimico, 1, contend, fight ; (cf. piigno, 169, contendo, 254, con- . 

fiigo, 2589, congredior, 1773, proelium committere) 
insigne^, 1240, distinctive sign, badge; signal; uniform C, V 
2940 accommodo, 1, (commode, 1346), adjust, suit 
galea, helmet V 
induo, 3, ui, utus, put on Y 
scutum*, 1338, shield V 
tegimentum, (tectum, 1792), covering 
2945 detraho^, 2076, take away, remove ; take ( 4- de) 
[detrudo, 3, usi, usus, push off; (dislodge)'] V 
desum*, 1994, be aivay ; be wanting, fail C, V 
casus^, 769, chance, accident ; disaster 
devenio'^, 2929, come down ; reach V 
2950 conspicio*, 2268, observe C, V 

93 



CAESAR D. B. G. 
dimitto**, 1028, send away, send out; dismiss; let go, let pass 

c,v 

Chapter 22 

delectus^, 2655, slope, declivity 

necessitas*, 2736, necessity ; urgency C 

ratio^, 2710, consideration ; also 1477 
2955 diversus, a, um, (verto, 2412, adversus, 1095), different, various ; 
(turned different ways) ; separate ; (conflicting) ; (cf . con- 
trarius, 2866) 

aliae alia^, 1876, one, one — another, another 

resisto*, 1387, resist, withstand (+ dat.) ; halt C 

saepes^, 2849, hedge 

densus, a, um, thick, dense; (cf. creber, 2481, confertus, 1318) 
2960 intericio^, 2846, put between, plant between ; intersperse ; pass., in- 
tervene 

prospectus, 4, (prospicio, 1272), view V 

opus*, 1724, need, w. abl. = of C, V 

provideo^, 2^,1^, foresee ; provide (for), see to; (take care) 

administro^, 2925, manage 
2965 iniquitas, (inicus, 2154, aequitas, 1928), unevenness ; disadvan- 
tage, unfairness, injustice 

quoque*, 248, also C, V 

eventus, 4, (venio, 201), outcome, result 

varius, a, um, different, manifold ; (cf . diversus, 2955) C, V 

Chapter 23 

nonus*, a, um, (novem, 19), ninth V 
2970 sinister^, 2400, left 

pilum*, 12,2.^, javelin 

emitto^, 1352, send forth, discharge (weapons) ; let go, let fall 

c,v 

cursus*, 231 1, rwnnm^; speed; course; voyage C, V 
lassitudo, dinis, f ., fatigue 
2975 exanimo, 1, (animus, 30), re/iflfer 5rea?7iZes5; (terrify); (kill) 

conficioft, 366, accomplish, complete; (compose, write down); 

exhaust 
obvenio, (201, de-, etc., 2929), encounter; (be assigned); (cf. 

occurro, 1709) 

94 



BOOK II 

COmpello, (pro- 908, ex-, etc., 2544)^ drive (together); (gather); 
(cf. cogo, 52) C, V 

inicus*, 2154, uneven; unequal; unfair, disadvantageous C, V 
2980 progredior*, 2329, advance, proceed C, V 

rursus^, 1376, again 

redintegro^, 1378, renew 

diversus^, 2955, different, various ; (turned different ways) ; sepa- 
rate ; (conflicting) 

undecimus*, a, um, (unus, decern, undecim = 11), eleventh 
2985 octavus*, a, um, (octo), eighth 

profligo, 1, (confligo, 25Sg) , overthrow ; (overwhelm); (cf. vinco, 
205, pello, 577, deicio, 621, supero, loio) C 

Viromandui^, 2574 

congredior*, 1773, meet (in battle) ; (unite) V 

proelior, 1, (proelium, 163), mti\, battle, Jight ; (cf. pugno, 169, 
contendo, 254, confligo, 2589, congredior, 1773, proelium 
committere [all these usually intr.]) 
2990 at*, 2136, but, yet C, V 

frons^, 265S, front ; (forehead) 

sinister^, 2400, left V 

nudo*, 2610, uncover ; leave unprotected V 

dexter^, 2381, right 
2995 duodecimus*, a, um, (duodecim, 467), twelfth 

confertus^, 1318, dense, crowded together ; (stuffed) 

Boduognatus, Bod-u-6g-na'-tus 

summa^, 1504, total ; supremacy; (chief point, part, etc.) ; general 
management 

Chapter 24 

levis2, 2687, light ; (swift) ; (trivial) C, V 
3000 armatiira''^, 2688, armor 

adversus, 1095, 2653, coming toward (one) 

occurro^, 1709, run to, encounter, oppose; present (it)self; rush 

rursus*, 1376, again C, V 

calo, onis, m., camp-follower, soldier^s servant 
3005 decumanus, a, um, (decimus, 2014), pertaining to the tenth (co- 
hort) 

porta (2612) decumana, rear gate (of a camp) 

victor^, 1603, victorious 

95 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

praedor^, 2834, plunder 

respicio, (de- 813, pro- 1272, per- 1930, con- 2268, conspicor, 
1375, suspicor, 2178), look hack (at) ; consider C 
3010 versor^, 2300, be engaged ; he 

praeceps, cipitis, (caput, 43), headlong, hasty ; steep 

simuP, 1 135, at the same time 

clamor*, 2738, shout(ing) C, V 

fremitus, 4, din ; (cf. strepitus, 2713) 
3015 orior*, 272, arise, (start ; he descended) V 

alii — aliam^, 1876, one, one — another, another 

Treveri (1795), of the Treveri 

opini5^, 2521, helief, idea; impression, reputation; (^expectation) 

singularis, e, (singuli, 507), single; extraordinary, matchless; 
(cf. eximius, 2640, egregius, 11 13) 
3020 compleo"^, 1312, Jill, (cover) 

premo^, 2402, press ; press hard 

calo^, 3004 

funditor*, 2624, slinger 

Numidae^, 2621, Numidians V 
3025 dispergo^, 1973, scatter 

[diversus^, 2955, different, various ; turned different ways ; sepa- 
rate ; conflicting'] C, V 

dissipo, 1, spread ahroad, disorganize C 

res^, 877, fortune, property 

Chapter 25 

cohortatio, (cohortor, 1328), encouragement 
3030 dexter*, 2381, right V 

urgeo, 2, ursi, press (hard) ; (force) ; (cf . premo, 2402, cogo, 

52) 

confertus^, 1318, dense, crowded together ; (stuffed) 

signifer, eri, m., (signum, 1380, fero, 80), standard-bearer 

amitto*, 1471, lose C, V 
3035 primipilus, (primus, 159), chief centurion 

Sextius Baculus, Sex'-ti-us Bac'-u-lus 

vir*, 206, man C, V 

tardus, a, um, slow V 

ab^, 267, on the side of; or 1287, on, in 
3040 desero*, 2200, abandon C, V 

96 



BOOK II 

excedo, (cedo, etc., 2890), withdraw; (cf. dis- 893, de- i6og, re- 
linquo, 173, desero, 2200) 

frons*, 26sS,f7^ont; (forehead) C, V 

infemsf, 274, below, lower, etc. ; also 2645, 2867 

subeo (479), come up (to) 
3045 insto^, 957, approach, impend 

angustus^, 338 ; (here as subst., narrow place = critical condition) 

submitto^, 2618, (let down) ; send (secretly) ; supply 

detraho^, 2076, take away, remove ; take ( + de) 

nominatim^, 1496, by name ; in detail 
3050 signa infero^, 1382, charge 

manipulus, (manus, 11/^), maniple (third of di cohort) , company 

laxo, 1, loosen; deploy; relax V 

quo*, 612, " by which," in order that 

infero^, 2029, inspire (into) C, V 
3055 redintegro*, 1378, renew 

res, 174, thing, fact, matter; oy ZyT, fortune, property C, V 

Opera, (cf. opus, 144, and 1724), aid ; services ; labor C 

navo, 1, perform (with diligence) 

cupio*, 1079, desire ; wish well (to, dat.) C, V 
3060 paulurn^, 2328, a little 

tardo, 1, (tardus, 3038), retard, delay ; (cf. impedio, 754, moror, 
121) C, V 

Chapter 26 

iuxta, adv., (iungo, 623), near by ; (also prep. w. ace.) V 
urgeo^, 3031, press (hard) ; (force) V 
signa conversa infero^, 1383, turn and charge 
3065 incito^, 446, arouse ; accelerate 
conspicor^, 1375, observe 
calo^, 3004, camp-follower, soldier's servant 
locus (109), state C, V 
versor^, 2300, be engaged ; be C 

Chapter 27 

3070 commutation, 871, change 

procumbo, 3, ubui, bitus, fall doicn, lie dozen ; lean ; (cf . cado, 

904) 
innitor, (nitor, 820), lean on, (w. abl. of means) 

H 97 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

calo^, 3004, camp follower ; soldier's servant 
conspicor^, 1375, observe 
3075 inermis^, 1957? unarmed 

occurro*, 1709, run to, encounter, oppose; iwesent (it)self; rush 

c,v 

vero^, 749, truly, hut 

turpitude, dinis, f., (turpis, 1694), disgrace; (cf. indignitas, 
2772) C 

deleo, 2, evi, etus, destroy ; efface C 
3080 [quo^, 2633, wliere, to which ; ivhere f] 

praefero^, 1007? carry before ; place before ; prefer C, V 

praesto^, 305, excel; show ; (looi, 1003) 

cado^, 904, fall {in battle) 

iaceo, 2, cui, (iacio, 2608), lie {prostrate) C, V 
3085 insisto, (con- 823, sub- 910, re- 1387, de- 638, circuin- 2304), step 
upon ; stand ; pursue, prosecute 

deicio^, 621, cast down {from) ; disappoint {in) 

coacervo, 1, heap up 

cadaver, eris, n., (cado, 904), dead body 

super'sum^, 1264, be left, remain; survive 
3090 tumulus*, 2091, mound, hillock 

intercipio, (sus- 376, in-, etc., 2513), intercept 

remitted 2135, send back, restore; relax, give up 

nequiquam, in vain V 

ascendo^, 1219, climb to, climb up C, V 
3095 subeo^, 479, undergo, encounter; go under, enter; (3044) C, V 

ex (69, 313, 423, 950, 1413, 1525, 1543, 2392), instead of 

redigo^, 2207, reduce ; render ; bring (back) 

Chapter 28 

facio^, 785, complete, finish 

prope^, ^249, near{ly) 
3100 internecio^, 824, {complete) slaughter, annihilation C 

gens, gentis, f., race, nation ; tribe, clan ; (cf. populus, 155, natio, 
2430, familia, 435, genus, 2293) 

redigo*, 3097 

maior natu^, 2760, older ; eldest ; plu. comp., elders 

aestuarium, salt marsh 
3105 conicio (1404), gather {hurriedly) 

98 



BOOK II 

victor*, 2146, victor, conqueror C, V 
tutus*, 2595, safe C, V 

super'sum*, 1264, he left, remain; survive C, V 
consensus^, 1545, agreement 
3110 ded5^, 2789, surrender ; (devote) 

senator*, (senatus, 180), senator ; (cf. magistratus, 449, consul, 

55, praetor, 1216, tribunus, 1872, quaestor, 2376, princeps, 

160, primi, 2525, eques, 71) C 
vix^, 505, with difficulty, hardly 
redigo^, 2207, reduce ; render ; bring (back) 
miser*, 1662, wretched C, V 
3115 supplex, licis, (suppliciter, 1434, supplicium, 11 18), suppliant, 

humble C, V 
iitor (2153), show 
misericordia, (miseror, 1874, miser, 1662), pity, compassion ; (cf. 

dementia, 2777) C 
dlligenter*, 2583, carefully C 
conservo*, 2757, preserve C 

Chapter 29 

3120 Aduatuci^ 2575 

supra*, 1306, above, before 

[scribo, (con- 681, prae- 1770, re- 2089), ivrite'] C 

cunctus, a, um, (cf. coniungo, 1812), entire, all ; (cf. omnis, 142, 

totus, 306) C, V 
egregie, (adj., 1113), excellently ; (cf. praesertim, 979, praecipue, 
2019) 

3125 circuitus^, 1212, roundabout course ; circuit 
rupes, is, f., rock, cliff V 
deiectus^, 2655, slope, declivity 
[despectus, 4, (despicio, 813), lookout; outlook'] 
leniter^, 2659, gently 

3130 acclivis, e, (acclivitas, 2863, declivis, 2858), sloping (up); (cf. 
fastigatus, 2660) 
amplius^, iy/[/[, further, any more; subst., more, 923 
duplex, licis, (duo, 12 ; supplex, 31 15), twofold, double 
pondus, deris, n., (cf. impendeo, 510), weight V 
saxum, stone; rock; (cf. rupes, 3126) 

3135 praeacutus, a, um, (prae, 251), sharpened (on the end) 

99 



CAESAR D. B. G, 

trabs, bis, f., team, timber 

prognatus, a, um, (nascor, 2864, in- 2030, e- 2843), sprung, de- 
scended 

citra^, 750, on this side of 

depono^, 857, lay aside, put away 
3140 ciistodia, (custos, 1203), guard ; {guarding) ; (cf. praesidium, 608) 

obitus, 4, (ob, 141, eo, 70), death; destruction; (cf. mors, 458, 
internecio, 824) V 

exagito, 1, (ago, 27), harass; (censure) ; (cf. vexo, 856) 

alias, adv., (alius, 214), at another time 

alias — alias, at one time — at another 
3145 consensus^, i545j agreement C 

domicilium*, 1531, residence C 

Chapter 30 

creber^, 2481, (thick) ; repeated; croioded, numerous C, V 

excursio, (excurro; ac- 1238), dash (for attack) C 

parvulus, a, um, (parvus, 146), very little, insignificant C, V 
3150 vallum*, 1401, rainpart 

circuitus*, 121 2, roundabout course, circuit V 

circummunio, (611, com- Qii), fortify around, invest 

vinea^, 2748, siege shed 

ago^, 2749, advance 
3155 agger^, 2750, mound, materials for mound 

exstruo, (in- 1244), ^i7e up; build 

turris*, 2752, (siege) tower V 

procul, adv., /a?' off, at a distance; (cf. longe, 231) 

irrideo, 2, risi, sus, jeer, laugh at V 
3160 increpito^, 2796, censure ; taunt V 

machinatio, machine 

a2, 2635, away, off 

instituo^, 889, train ; arrange (for), start 

quinam, quae-, quod-, [interrogative adj. pron., cf. qui, 5], what, 
pray ? ivhich, pray ? C 
3165 vis^, 2416, plu., strength 

praesertim^, 979, especially 

tantulus, a, um, (tantus, 192), such small ; (cf. parvulus, 3^49) 

statura, (praesto, 305), height, stature; (cf. altitiido, 603) 

plerumque^, 1964, usually 

100 



BOOK II 

3170 prae (251), in comparison tvitJi C, V 
contemptus, 4, (^object of) contempt 

onus, neris, n., iceight; burden; load, cargo; (cf. pondus, 3133) 
confido*, 1284, believe, trust (in) (+ dat.) ; rely (on) (+ dat. or 
abl.) C, V 

Chapter 31 

vero^ 749, truly, but 
3175 inusitatus, a, um, (utor, 200, fisus, 1524), unusual 

species^, 2357, appearance ; sliow 

ad^, 1765, after, in; (cf. quern ad uiodum, 1763) 

opis^, 1 163, ability ; aid ; plu., wealth, resources C, V 

[divinus, a, um, (deus, 62), divine; superhuman'] C, V 
3180 machinatio'^, 3161, machine 

promoveo^, 2275, move forward 

deprecor, 1, (preces, 981), beg for (as a) favor; beg deliverance 
(from); (cf. peto, 152, rogo, 569, oro, 1187, obsecro, 1149, 
imploro, 1591) 

fors^, 2926 ; abl., adverbially, by chance 

pro, 162, 333, 2184, 2286, in accordance with 
3185 dementia-, 2777, mildness ; mercy C 

mansuetudo^, 2778, gentleness, kindness C 

audio*, 2753, hear of C, V 

Aduatuci^ 2575 

ne*, 810, not (w. imperative and optative subj.) C 
3190 despolio, 1, deprive ; rob 

invideo, (204, di- 211, pro- 2519), envy (sometimes + dat.) V 

praesto-, 1003, be better ; (also 305, looi) 

casus^, 769, chance, accident ; disaster ; dilemma, predicament 

deduce^, 271 1, lead, bring C, V 
3195 quivis, quae-, quod-, (qui, 3, rolo, 209), any — whatever; (cf. ali- 
qui, 834) 

cruciatus*, 1562, torture C 

dominor, 1, (domus, 66), intr., rule; (cf. impero, 554, praesum, 
964, iubeo, 104) V 

Chapter 32 

meritum^, 832, desert (s) C, V 

aries, ietis, m., (ram) ; battering-ram 

101 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

3200 attingo^, 265, touch, reach 

dedo*, 2789, surrender ; (devote) C 

in^, 2261, in the case of 

dediticius^, 1454? surrendered man 

prope^, 1249, near(ly) 
3205 agger*, 2750, mound ; materials for mound V 

acervus, (rel. to acriter, 1391), heap C, V 

adaequo^, 2312, (make) equal; keep up with 

celo, 1, conceal; (cf. abdo, 761, occulto, 1455) 

porta*, 2612, gate 
3210 patefacio, (79, de-, etc., 2701, ampli- 2780; pateo, 348; passive 
like fio, 321), open; (reveal) ; (cf. pando, 2373) 

utorf, 2153, employ, exercise; avail (one's) self of ; enjoy 

Chapter 33 

sub^, 2740, towards, shortly before C, V 

claudo^, 1366, close, shut (in) 

oppidanus^, 2627, townsman 
3215 accipio*, 1584, suffer C, V 

ineo^, 2508, go into, enter; begin 

denique^, 1256, at least C, V 

indiligenter, (diligenter, 2583), carelessly 

servo, (ob- 2214, re- 2462, con- 2757; servus, 182), save; icatch; 
maintain 
3220 credo, (tra- 195, de-, etc., 2789), trust; believe; (cf. existimo, 76, 
puto, 580, arbitror, 339; confido, 1284) 

partim^, 2491, j)ar% C 

celo^, 3208, conceal V 

cortex, ticis, c, bark V 

vimen, minis, n., pliant twig ; (cf. ramus, 2842) V 
3225 intexo, 3, xui, xtus, iveave (in) V 

subito*, 1867, suddenly C, V 

exiguitas^, 2937, scantiness, shortness 

pellis, is, f., skin, hide ; leather tent; (cf. tabernaculum, 1888) 

induco (298), (overlay) ; cover C, V 
3230 qua*, 506, " by which way," ivhere C, V 

arduus, a, um, steep; (lofty); (difficult); (cf. praeceps, 3011? 
difficilis, 504, altus, 28) V 

munitio*, 633, fortification, (intrenchment) ; (line of defense) 

102 



BOOK II 

ascensus^, 1213, ascent V 

repente^, 2386, suddenly C, V 
3235 [repentino, (repentinus, 789), suddenly'] 

eruptio, (perriimpo, 632), dash, sally ; (cf. excursio, 3148) 

significatio, (significo, 2637), sign, signal; (cf. signum, 1380, 
in sign e, 1240) C 

concurro^, 2302, gather, rush; {rally to aid), encounter 

c5nsisto (823), depend (in + abl. = upon) 
3240 reicio^, 1319? throw back, drive hack; (reject) C, V 

refringo, (per- 1330, frango, 1586), hreak open 

intromitto, (118, sub-, etc., 2618, ob- 2855), send (in), let (in) 

sectio, booty 

iiniversus, a, um, (una, 491, verto, 2412), all, whole ; (cf. totus, 
306, omnis, 142, ciinctus, 3123) 
3245 vendo, (tra- 195, de-, etc., 2789, ere- 3220, venum, sale), sell 

emo2, 974, buy 

caput 2, 1505, person 

Chapter 34 

Veneti*, Yen'-e-ti 

Venelli*, Ve-nel'-li 
3250 Osisml, O-sis'-mi 

Coriosolites, um, ace. as, Cor-i-6-s61'-i-tes 

Esuvii, E-sii'-vi-i 

Aulerci, Aw-ler'-9i 

Redones, um, Ked^-o-nes 
3255 maritimus*, a, um, (mare, 115), maritime; sea- C 

attingo*, 265, touch, reach C, V 

dicio^, 1595, sway V 

redigo*, 2207, reduce ; render ; bring (back) C 

Chapter 35 

barbarus, (adj., 1575), savage, barbarian, native 
3260 opinio^, 2521, belief, idea ; impression ; reputation ; expectation 

imperatum*, 2528, (the) thing commanded 

Illyricum, Il-lyr'-i-cum 

propero^, 2717, hasten V 

ineo^ 2508, go into, enter; begin 
3265 Carnutes, um, Car'-nii-tes 

103 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

Andes, ium, Anodes 
Turoni, Tii'-ro-ni 
propincus^, 977, near 
hiberna*, 685, winter quarters C, V 
3270 [hibernacula, orum, winter-tents] 
ex^, 2392, according to 
supplicatio, (supplex, 31 15, suppliciter, 1434, supplicium, 11 18), 

thanksgiving 
decerno, 3, crevi, etus, decree ; vote ; decide ; (cf . constituo, 352, 

statuo, 731) 

Book III: Chapter 1 

Servius, Ser'-vi-us, abbreviated Ser. 
3275 Galba*, 2563, (not same man) 

Nantuates*, um, Nan-ttL-a'-tes 

Veragri, Yer'-a-gri 

Seduni, Se-du^-ni 

Alpes*, 688 C 
3280 portorium^, 1046, (customs) duties 

patefacio'2, 3210, open ; (reveal) C, V 

hiem5*, 684, winter 

aliquot, indecl., (alius, 214, quot, 1500), several; (cf. non nuUi, 
520) 

facio^, 785, complete, Jinish 
3285 Octodiirus, Oe-to-dti'-rus 

valles, is, f., valley ; (contrast vallum, 1401) 

adicio^, 2935, cast; add 

vacuus^, 2745, empty, stripped ( + ab = of) ; (idle) C, V 

attribuo^, 812, assign, attribute; (bestow) 

Chapter 2 

3290 transeo (496), go past, pass V 

comporto*, 953, "carry together," collect; convey 

per*, 853, by {means of), (by, in swearing) 

impendeo^, 510, overhang C 

Sediini2, ^278 
3295 Veragri^, 3277 

aliquot^, 3283 

104 



BOOK III 

renovo*, 1, (novus, 137), renew, revive; (cf. redintegro, 1378) 

c,v 

0pprim5^, 2180, overwhelm, crush ; attack (^unexpectedly) 

capio (42, 1 1 58), take up, adopt 
3300 plenus, a, um, (compleo, 1312), full 

detraho^ 2076, take away, remove; take (+ de) C, V 

singillatim, (singuli, 507), one by one 

paucitas*, (pauci, 902), fewness; (cf. exiguitas, 2937, inopia, 
1431) 

despiciS^, 813, despise C, V 
3305 imquitdiS^, 2g65, unevenness ; disadvantage, unfairness, injustice C 

valles^, 3286, valley V 

accedo**, iioi, approach; be added C, V 

abstrah5, (2440, con- 1729, de- 2076, sub- 2162), draw away ; (cf. 
abdiico, 716) C 

doleo^, 872, gi^ieve C, V 
3310 perpetuus^, 1752, continuous ; ivhole C, V 

culmen, minis, n., top, summit; (cf. iugum, 578, summum, 
2856) V 

adiungo, (623, con- 1S12), join, add; (cf. adicio, 2935) C 

Chapter 3 

plene, (plenus, 2^00), fully 

prdvideo^, 2Sig, foresee ; provide (for), see to; (take care) 
3315 consiliumf, 19 12, council 

sententia*, 2196, opinion; (purport; sentence) C, V 

exquiro^, 2044, seek out, ask C, V 

repentinus^, 789, sudden 

0pini5*, 2521, belief, idea; impression; reputation; (expecta- 
tion) C 
3320 compleo*, 13 12,///; (cover) C, V 

supporto^, 1906, bring up 

intercliido^, 1283, shut off 

prope^, 1249, near(ly) 

[hniusmodi, of this manner, sucJi] 
3325 eruptio^, 3236, dash, sally 

placeo^, lyi^, please, seem best, (w. dat.) C, V 

reservo^, 2462, keep (back) C 

[casus*, 769, chance, accident; disaster; (dilemma)^ 

105 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

eventusf, 2967, outcome, result 
3330 experior^ 1636, make a trial of (it) ; " see " 

Chapter 4 

brevis**, 1988, short C, V 

interici5^, 2846, put between, plant between; intersperse ; (pass., 
intervene) 

vix^, 505, with difficulty, hardly 

administr5^, 2925, manage 
3335 lapis^, 2219, stone 

gaesum, (heavy G?i\\\c) javelin ; (cf. pilum, 1329, matara, 1407, 
tragula, 1408) 

integer, gra, grum, (attingo, 265), untouched; whole, fresh ; (cf. 
incolumis, 2463, tutus, 2595) 

vis*, 2416, plu., strength C, V 

prSpugno^, 2630, go forth to fight ; drive the enemy away 
3340 [repugno"^, mo, make resistance; tend to counteract (w. dat.)] C 

frustra, adv., without effect, in vain ; (cf . nequiquam, 3093) 

quicumque*, 1635, whoever, whatever C, V 

premo^, 2402, press ; pr^ess hard 

diuturnitas^, 1967, duration C 
3345 defessus^, 1357, weary, exhausted C, V 

excedo^, 3041, withdraw) 

saucius, a, um, wounded ; (cf. vulnero, 1410) C, V 

Chapter 5 

continenter^, 245, continually 

deficio^ 2^01, fail; revolt 
3350 insto^ 957, approach, impend C, V 

languidus, a, um, (relanguesco, 2794), /am^ ; sluggish; (cf. de- 
fessus, 3345, defatigo, 1968) C 

scindo, (re- 556, inter- 2685), divide; rend; break through; (cf. 
perrumpo, 632) V 

perduco (606), &rm^ ; {prolong) 

casus^, 769, chance, accident ; disaster ; (predicament) 
3355 Sextius Baculus^, 3036 

primus pilus, (primipilus, 3035), ^rs^ maniple of the first cohort 

Nervicus, a, um, (Nervii, 2567), o/or with the Nervii 

Volusenus*, V61-u-se'-nus 

106 



BOOK ni 

consilium^, igyy, prudence ; scheming 
3360 accurro^, 1238, rwi up (to) V 
erupti5^, 3236, dash, sally 

experior*, 1636, make a trial of (it) ; '' see " V 
paulisper^, 2631, /or a little while 
tantummodo, (tantum, 1188, modo, 937), merely; (cf. solum, 

777) C 
3365 excipio^, 1389, take up, capture; receive; meet 

reficio, (inter- 100, de-, etc., 2701, ampli- 2780, pate- 3210), re- 

pair; refresh; (cf. renovo, 3297, restituo, 1087) 
erumpo, (per- 632, eruptio, 3236), hurst forth; make a dash, sortie 

c,v 

Chapter 6 

eruptio*, 3236, dash, sally 
colligo^, 1 34 1, gather together, (fasten together) 
3370 commuto^, 1285, change; (exchange) C 

barbanis*, 3259, savage, barbarian, native (noun) C 

consto, (in- 957, prae- 305), impers., be certain, be settled ; (ahide) ; 

(depend on) 
fundo, 3, flidi, fusus, pour, scatter out, spread out, rout C, V 
exuo, 3, ui, iitus, strip off; deprive ; lay aside, throw aside; (cf . 
induo, 2942) C, V 
3375 faciof, 785, complete, finish ; (also 79, 1475, 2718) 

alius — alius^, 626, one — another; the one — the other; plu., some 

— others 
memini, isse, perfect system with present system meanings, 
remember; (cf . reminiscor, 803, memoria tenere, I, 7) C, V 
inopia^, 143 1, icant 

posterus^, 894, following ; latter, rear ; latest, last 
3380 demoror, (moror, 121), retard ; (cf. impedio, 754) V 
incolumis^, 2463, unhurt, safe ; unimpaired 
inde^, 700, thence, from there, after that 

Chapter 7 
Sedunis, 3278 

ineo*, 2508, go into, enter; begin C, V 
3385 hiems, mis, f., (hiberna, 685, hiemo, 684), winter ; stormy weather ; 
(cf. aestas, 2469) 

107 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

Tllyricum^, 3262 

adeo^, 2634, approach ; attack ; (enter upon) 

subitus, a, um, Csubito, 1867), sudden; (cf. repentinus, 789) 

coorior, (272, ad- 809), arise, spring up 
3390 adulescens^, 2404, the younger 

proximus^, 2465, next, nearest, w. ace. as if prep. C, V 

mare*, 115, sea Q, V 

mare Oceanus (264), Atlantic Ocean 

inopia*, 1431, want C 
3395 praefectus^, 1873, (^cavalry) commander 

Terrasidius, Ter-ra-sid'-i-us 

EsuviP, 3252 

Trebius Gallus, Tre'-bi-us GaV-lus 

Coriosolites^, 3251 
3400 Velanius, Ve-la'-ni-us 

Silius, Sf-li-us 

Chapter 8 

amplus^ 1835, great, large; splendid, nolle 

ora, coast 

navigo, 1, (navis, 126, ago, 27), sail 
3405 nauticus, a, um, naval C, V 

anteced5, (inter- 589, ex- 3041, cedo, etc., 2Sgo), precede; excel ; an- 
ticipate ; (cf. supero, loio, prae- 251, praesto, 305, vinco, 205) 

vastus*, a, um, (vasto, 713), vast; huge; (cf. ingens, 1859) V 

portus*, 4, (porta, 2612, porto, 475, portorium, 1046, opportunus, 
1535)? harbor C, V 

intericio^, 2846, put, plant betiveen ; intersperse ; (pass., intervene) 
3410 vectigalis, e, (vectigal, 1047), tributary 

Silius^, 3401 

Velanius^, 3400 

recupero, 1, (cf. recipio, 499), regain, recover ; (cf. redimo, 1049) 

subitus^, 3388, sudden V 
3415 repentinus, 789, sudden, hasty C 

Trebius^, 3398 

Terrasidius^, 3396 

coniuro*, 2486, conspire, plot C 

©xitus, 4, (exeo, 303), escape; outcome; conclusion; (cf. eventus, 
2967) 

108 



BOOK III 

3420 sollicito'^, 2490, instigate, tempt ; (disturb) C, V 

permaneo^, 1658, persist, continue 

nial5*, 112, prefer C, V 

ora^, 3403, coast 

perduco^, 3353, 6ra^ ; {prolong) C 
3425 recupero^, 3413 C 

remitto*, 2135, send baclc, restore ; relax, give up C 

Chapter 9 

navis (126) longa (no), war-ship, galley 

aedifico, 1, (aedificium, 472, facio, 79), build; (cf. exstruo, 3156, 
statuo, 731) C, V 

Liger, eris, m., (ace. im, abl. i), Loire (Lwar) 
3430 remex, migis, m., oarsman C, V 

instituo^, 889, train ; arrange (for) ; start 

nauta, ae, m., (navis, 126, nauticus, 3405, navigo, 3404), sailor V 

gubernator, pilot V 

administro*, 2925, manage C 
3435 cum primum (1323), as soon as 

simuP, 1 135, at the same time 

facinus^, 1996, (deed) ; crime C 

admitto'2, 1237, admit, let in; let go ; (permit, commit) 

sanctus, a, um, sacred; inviolable ; solemn C, V 
3440 inviolatus, a, um, inviolable 

semper^, 1059, always 

vinculum*, 422, chain C, V 

pro^, 333, /o?*, in proportion to 

provideo^, 2^ig, foresee ; provide (for), see to; (take care) 
3445 instituo*, 889, train; arrange (for) ; start 

pedester^, 2831, foot-, Infantry- 

concid53, 757, slay ; cut off 

aestuarium^, 3104, salt marsh 

navigatio, (nauta, etc., 3432), sailing ; voyage 
3450 inscientia, (scientia, 2259), ignorance, inexperience 

ut (199, 1904, 2121), although; (also 455) 

insula*, island C, V 

nosco, 3, novi, notus, (cog- 51, ig- 2206), learn; perf., have 
learned = know C, V 

alius (214), different C, V 

109 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

3455 navigation, 3449 

concludo, (inter- 1283, claudo, 1366), enclose; (cf. circum^do, 
1845, cingo, 1833) V 

Venetia, Yen-e'-ti-a 

consto^, 3372, impers., he certain, he settled ; (ahide ; depend on) 

Osismi^j 3250 
3460 Lexovii*, Lex-o'-vi-i 

Namnetes, um, I^am'-ne-tes 

Ambiliati, Am-bi-li'-a-ti 

Morini*, 2570 

Diablintes, um, Di-a-blin'-tes 
3465 Menapii*, 2571 

ascisco^, 501, affiliate, adopt C 

pono^, 936, perf. pass., be situated 

arcesso^ 1570, summon 

Chapter 10 

incite^, 446, arouse ; accelerate 
3470 rebellio*, (bellum, 40, bello, 329), reneival ofivar 
defectio, (deficio, 2701), revolt, insurrection 
tot, indecL, (cf. quot, 1500 ; toti-dem, 2295 — tot by apocope for 

toti), so many C, V 
coniuratio*, 299, coiispiracy C 
in primis^, 1688, among tlie first, especially C, V 
3475 studeo*, 653, he eager {for), (w. dat.) C 

mobiliter, (mobilitas, 2502), quickly, easily 

excito, (incito, 446), arouse; raise up; (kindle); (cf. lacesso, 

912, invito, 1739) 
odi^, 1081, hate C, V 
conspiro, 1, (spiro, hreathe), agree; combine, conspire; (cf. con- 

iiiro, 2486, coniungo, 18 12) 
3480 partior, 4, titus sum, (pars, 145), divide ; distribute ; (cf. divide, 

211, dispergo, 1973) V 
distribuo, (cf. 812), distribute, divide ; assign 
Chapter 11 

adeo*, 2634, approach, ; attack ; (enter upon) C, V 
officium*, 1925, kindness; duty C, V 
arcesso*, 1570, summon C, V 
3485 pers, 853, by (means of) ; (by, in swearing) 

110 



BOOK III 

Coriosolites^, 3251 

distineo^, 2588, keep apart; keep away 

curo^, 788, care for, arrange 

Decimus*, De9'-i-miis, abbrev. D., (praenomen) C 
3490 Brutus*, Brii'-tus C, V 

adulescens^, 2404, the younger C 

classis, is, i,, fleet 

Pictones, um, Pie'-to-nes 

Santones or i^, 665 
3495 cum primuin^, 3435, as soon as C 

pedester*, 2831, foot-, infantry- C 

Chapter 12 

modus (1762), sort C, V 

situs, 4, situation, position V 

ponof, 936, perf. pass., be situated 
3500 extremus^, 2665, the end(s) of 

lingula, (lingua, 217), tongue of land, small cape 

promunturium, headland, promontory 

altumf, (adj., 28), the deep ; (cf. mare, 115) 

aestus, 4, tide ; (heat) ; (contrast aestas, 2469, aetas, 2807) 
3505 incite^, 446, arouse ; accelerate 

bis, adv., twice C, V 

semper*, 1059, always C, V 

[duodeni, ae, a, twelve each'] 

minuo^, 1167, lessen 
3510 afQicto, 1, (rel. to profligo, 2986, con- 2589), toss; shatter; dis- 
tress 

oppugnatio^, 2604, (method of) attack 

quando, adv., indefinite, ever (usually after si, ne, or num) ; 
conj., since, (when) C, V 

forte^, 3183, by chance C, V 

extrudo, (de- 2g46) , thrust out ; shutout 
3515 moles, is, f., (mollmentum, 1728), mass; mole, pier, dike C, V 

moenia^, 2606, ivalls, fortifications C, V 

adaequo^, 2312, (make) equal; keep up with C 

appello, 3, (pro- 908, im- 1935, inter- 2173, ex- 2544, com- 2978, 
re- 636, 577), (bring toward); bring to land; distinguish 
appello, 1, 220 V 

111 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

deporto, (475, im- 239, com- 953, trans- 1798, sup- 1906), carry 

aioay C 
3520 opportunitas, (opportunus, 1535, portus, 3408), advantage ; (cf . 

facultas, 583) 
tempestas, (tempus, 193), weather ; storm 
detineo, (194, per- 238, ob- 258, con- 262, re- 1029, abs- 1254, sus- 

1297, dis- 2588), Jiold (back) ; (cf. impedio, 754, moror, 121, 

de- 3380) V 
aestus^, 3504, tide ; (heat) 
rarus, a, um, thin ; plu., scattered, feiv ; (cf . densus, 2959, confer- 

tus, 13 18; pauci, 902) V 
3525 prope*, 1249, near(ly) C, V 
navigo^, 3404, sail 

Chapter 13 

namque^, 1822, and so, for ; for, indeed V 

ad^, 3177, after, in 

carina, keel V 
3530 aliquanto, (alius, 214, quantus, 1020; aliqui, 834), somewhat C 

planus, a, um, (planities, 2ogo), fat; jjlain ; (cf. aecus, 2094) 

decessus, 4, (decedo, 1609, discessus, 2767), (withdrawal) ; ebb 

aestus*, 3504, tide ; (heat) C, V 

excipio (1389), cope with 
3535 prora, prow V 

admodum, (ad- 25, modus, 1762, limit), very ; (fully) 

erectus, a, um, (part, of erigo, raise up), straight and high (erigo, 
C, V) 

puppis, is, f., stern 

fluctus, 4, (fluo, 519, fliimen, 84), wave 
3540 tempestas^, 3521, t(;e«^Aer; s^orm 

accommodo^, 2940, adjust, suit 

robur, boris, n., oak; (strength) C, V 

quivis^, 3195, any — whatever 

contumelia^, 847, mistreatment C 
3545 transtrum, (trans, 196), cros5-^m5er; (rowing-bench); (cf . trabs, 
3136) V 

pedalis, e, (pes, 151), afoot (thick, etc.) 

altitiido, dinis, f ., depth, thickness 

trabs^, 3136, beam, timber 

112 



BOOK III 

configo, (trans- i^^o), fasten together V 
3550 clavus, nail, spike V 

ferreus, a, um, (ferrum, 1342), of iron C, V 

digitus, ^n^er V 

pollex, licis, m., thumb; (usually w. digitus; as also digitus 
index, d. medius, d. minimo proximus, d. minimus) 

crassitude, dinis, f., (crassus, thick, Crassus, 1228), thickness 
3555 ancora*, anchor 

pro (162, 333, 2184, 2286, 3184), /or, instead of 

funis, is, m., rope 

catena^, 2273, chain V 

revincio, (cf. 2439), hind (hack) , fasten 
3560 pellis^, 3228, skin, hide ; leather tent 

pro^, 2184, as 

velum, sail 

aliita, (piece of) leather 

tenuiter, (tenuis, thin), thin(ly) 
3565 conficio (366, 2557)9 f^ish, dress C, V 

sive — sive^, 768, whether — or C, V 

linum,y?ax; linen C 

inscientia*, 3450, ignorance, inexperience 

[similis*, 185, like'] C, V 
3570 verisimilis, e, (verum, losy) , prohahle 

tempestas*, 3521, weather ; storm C, V 

ventus, wind 

onus^, 3172, weight; burden; load, cargo 

rego, (por- 2889, erectus, 3537 ; rex, 1605, regnum, 296), rule ; 
control, guide ; (cf. impero, 554, dominor, 3197, administro, 
2925) C, V 
3575 commode^, 1346, conveniently, easily 

classis^, 3492, y?ee^ 

congressus, 4, (congredior, 1773), meeting ; encounter; (cf. con- 
cursus, 634) V 

pulsus, 4, (pello, 577), stroke V 

remus, (remex, 3430), oar 
3580 praesto^ 305, excel; show; (also looi, 1003) 

pro (3556, etc.), before, in consideration of 

aptus, a, um, fit ; fitted, adapted ; (cf . idoneus, 97) C, V 

accommodo^, 2940, adjust, suit C, V 

I 113 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

rostrum, beak; (cf. prora, 3535) 
3585 noceo, 2, cui, citurus, do harm (+ dat.) 

firmitudo, dinis, f., (firmus, 416, confirmo, 364), strength; stabil- 
ity ; (cf. constantia, 1955) 

adigo^, 2934, drive (to); (push forwa^^d) ; hurl; (bind, by 
oath) 

[adicio^, 2935, cast; add'] 

minus^, 2240, not C 
3590 commode*, 1346, conveniently, easily 

[incommode, not conveniently] 

copula, (rel. to aptus, 3582), grappling-hook 

saevio, 4, ii, vitum, rage V 

ventus^, 3572, wind 
3595 tuto, (tutus, 2595), safely 

saxum^, 3134, stone; rock C, V 

cautes, is, f., crag V 

[cos, cotis, f., (flint) stone] 

casus*, 769, chance, accident ; disaster ; (predicament) C, V 
3600 extimesco, 3, timui, (timeo, 843), dread; (cf. vereor, 1121) C 

Chapter 14 

frustra^, 3341, without effect, in vain 

sumo*, 592, take, exact, assume C, V 

reprimo, (ex- 1661, op- 2180, 2402), check ; (cf. repello, 636) C, V 

noceo^, 3585, impers. pass, retains dat., do harm 
3605 classis*, ^49^, fleet C, V 

genus^, 2293, race, tribe ; kind, class 

ornatus, a, um, (part, of orno, adorn), equipped C 

adversusf, 1095, opposite ; unsuccessful ; (also 2653, 3001) C, V 

vel (525), or 
3610 attribuo^, 812, assign, attribute ; (bestow) 

consto^, 3372, irapers., be certain, be settled; (abide; depend 
on) 

insisto^, 3085, step upon, stand ; pursue, prosecute 

rostrum^, 3584, beak V 

noceo^, 3585, do harm (4- dat.) 
3615 excito^, 3477, arouse ; raise up ; (kindle) 

puppis^, 3538, stern V 

adigo^, 2934, drive (to) ; (push forward) ; hurl ; (bind, by oath) 

114 



BOOK in 

[adicio^, 2935, cast; addl 

graviter^, 831, heavily, violently, severely ; (with vexation) 
3620 accido'^*,S33, befall, happeji; fall C 

praeparo, (355, com- 355),/>?'6/)a?'e heforehand 

falx, Icis, f ., sicJde ; (sickle-shaped) hook ; (cf . copula, 3592) V 

praeacutus"^, 3135? sharpened (on the end) 

insero, (de- 2200), put in V 
3625 affigo, (trans- 1340, con- 3SA^), fasten to, hind V 

longurius, (longus, no), long pole 

absimilis, e, (similis, 185), unlike; (cf. diversiis, 2955) 

forma, /c»?7?2 ; (cf. species, 2357, Yultus, 1865) V 

muralis, e, (miirus, 124), wall, mural 
3630 funis^, 3557, rope 

antemna, sail-yard 

malus, mast; (cf. malus, 113) V 

dlsimo, \, fasten ; appoint V 

comprehendo, (1184, re- 1196), grasp, catch; apprehend; (cfo 
capio, 42, occupo, 384) 
3635 adduco (298), hring (to); draw tight C, V 

navigium, (navis, 126, navicula, 2423, navigatio, 3449, navigo, 
3404), vessel ; (cf. linter, 744) 

remus^, 3579, oar 

incit5*, 446, arouse ; accelerate 

praerumpo, (per- 632, e- 3367), hreak off; (cf. scindo, 3352) 
3640 abscldo, (oc- 576, con- 757, in- 2837), cut off 

concido, (ac- 833, de- 2303, in- 2443, 904), fall (down) ; collapse 
C, V 

velum^, 3562, sail C, V 

armamenta, onim, n., (cf. arma, 33, armatura, 2688), rigging 

consisto-, 3239, depend (in + abl. = upon) C, V 
3645 eripio*, 444, rescue ; take away C, V 

certamen, minis, n., (decerto. 2152), struggle ; contest; (cf. proe- 
lium, 163, pugna, 1335, contentio, 2175) C, V 

paulo^ 2471, (by) a little 

factum^, 2083, deed; action C, V 

lateo-, 2894, be hidden, lurk; escape notice C, V 
3650 unde^, 1467, whence, from which, from ichom 

propincus^, 977, near 

despectus^, 3128, /ooA:oi^^; oudook 

115 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

Chaeter 15 

deicio^, 621, cast down (from) ; disappoint (in) 

[disicio^, 1331? throio apart, scatter^ 
3655 antemna^, 3631, sail-yard V 

bini, ae, a, (bis, 3506), two (each) 

terni, ae, a, (trini, 2437, ter, 2455), th7^ee (each) V 

circumsisto^, 2304, stand around, (rally) around; surround 

transcendo, (a- 1219), climb over, pass over; (cf. transgredior, 
2886) C 
3660 quof , 2633, rel., where, to which ; interrog., where 

ventus*, 3572, wind C, V 

malacia, calm 

tranquillitas, stillness; serenity C 

exsisto, (con- 823, in-, etc., 3085), appear; arise, ensue; he; (cf. 
orior, 272, sequor, 181) C 
3665 quidem^, 1926, indeed C, V 

negotium*, ly 2'^, business ; undertaking; difficulty, task C 

consector, 1, (consequor, 7S6), pursue eagerly 

interventus, 4, (inter, 99, venio, 201), intervention; arrival C 

usque^, 2337, all the ivay, even, '^ clear '^ C, V 

Chapter 16 
3670 ora^, 3403, coast 

cum — tum^, 2561, not only — hut also C, V 

iuventus, utis, f., youth (abstract or collective) ; (cf. adulescen- 
tia, 1 161, adulescens, 2253) C, V 

gravis (1150), advanced C, V 

aetas^, 2807, age C, V 
3675 aliquis^, 835, any one, anything ; some one, something 

consilium^, igjj, prudence ; scheming 

ubique, (ubi, L97), anywhere; (cf. undiqne, 310, utrimque, 
2336) V 

quern ad modurn^, 1763, interrog., how; rel., in the manner that, 
as C 

graviter*, 831, heavily, violently, severely, with vexation C, V 
3680 yindico, 1, lay claim to ; rescue; avenge; (cf . ulciscor, 780) C, V 

relicus^, 1200, of time, to come, future 

neco^ 2460, put to death C 

corona, crown V 

116 



BOOK III 

sub (189) corona, ''as slaves'' 
3685 vendo-, 3245, sell 

Chapter 17 

Viridovix, icis, Yir-id'-o-vix 

summa*, 1504, total; supremacy; (chief pointy part, etc.); gen- 
eral management C, V 

deficio^, Q.'joi, fail; revolt 

Aulerci (3253) Eburovices, um, Aulerci E-bu-ro-vr-^es, (one of 
several divisions of the A.) 
3690 auctor, (auctoritas, 35; augeo, 1055), originator; supporter; 
author C, V 

claudo^, 13665 close, shut (in) C, V 

praeterea^, 1725, besides 

perditus, a, um, (part, of perdo; cf. do, 65, etc.), ruined; (cf. 
profiigo, 2986) C, V 

latro, onis, m., robber C 
3695 praedor^, 2834, plwider 

bello*, 329, loar, fight C, V 

cultura, (rel. to incolo, 212, cultus, 229), cultivation 

cotidianus^, 253, daily 

sevoco, (208, con- 960, re- 2907), call aside 
3700 [revoco"^, 2907, recall, ccdl away'] C 

produGO-, 2287, lead forth ; prolong 

contemptio, (contemptus, 3171), contempt 

non nihil (131), " not as to nothing" = to some extent 

carpo, 3, psi, plus, pluch ; revile V 
3705 praebeo'-, 2851, offer, furnish 

praesertim'*, 979, especially 

aecus^, 2094, even; equal; fair 

opportunitas^, 3520, advantage 

aliqui*, 834, some, any C, V 
3710 dimico^, 2938, contend, fight 

Chapter 18 

callidus, a, um, shrewd ; (cf . aptns, 3582) C 
pollicitatio, (polliceor, 88'^), promise 
edoceo, (cf. 21 10), explain (fully) C, V 

117 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

3715 perfuga^, 1464, deserter 

propono^, 989, set before, set forth; disclose ; present 

premo*, 2402, press ; press hard C, V 

quin, 403, 1016, 1702, than — that 

clam, (rel. to celo, 3208), secretly ; (cf. in occulto, 1554, secreto, 

1034) 
3720 conclamo^, 2269, shout out V 

occasio, (cado, 904, occasus, 286), opportunity; (cf. opportuni- 
tas, 3520, facultas, 583) C 

superior^, 2.(^16, former 

cunctatio, delay ; (cf . mora, 2788) 

perfuga^, 1464, deserter 
3725 confirmatio, (confirmo, 364, firmus, 416), assurance 

cibaria^, ^Zo., food-stuff 

parum, adv., (parve, 233), too little C, V 

provideo*, 2.si<^, foresee ; provide {for), see to; (take care) C 

Veneticus, a, um, with {of) the Veneti (3248) 
3730 fere (252), usually ; (cf. plerumque, 1964) C, V 

libenter^, 2163, gladly C 

credo*, 3220, trust; believe C, V 

Viridovix^, 3686 

laetus, a, um, joyful V 
3735 ut (455), as if; (cf. also 199, 1904, 2121, 3451) C, V 

explore^, 2551, achieve; find out, reconnoiter 

sarmentum, brushivood, (plu., same) 

virgulta, orum, bushes ; (cf . rubus, 2844) V 

colligo^, 1341, gather together 
3740 pergo, (porrigo, 2889, e- 3537, rego, 3574) > go {straight) on; (cf. 
progredior, 2329, proficiscor, 164) C, V 

Chapter 19 

editus^, 2651, rising, elevated 

imus, a, um, = infimus, 2867, the bottom of the, the base of 
acclivis^, 3130, sloping {up) 
huc^, 1849, hither 
3745 colligo*, 1 34 1, gather together, {fasten together) C, V 
exanimo^, zgj^, render breathless; terrify ; {kill) C, V 
onus^, 3172, iveight ; burden; load, cargo 
facio^, 2718, cause 

118 



BOOK III 

opportunitas*, 3520, advantage C 
3750 defatigatio, weariness ; (cf . lassitude, 2974) 
superior*, 2gi6, former C, V 
statim^, 2/^S9 J forthwith 
tergum^, 241 1, back 
verto^, 2412, turn 
3755 integer^, 33S7, untouched ; whole, fresh 
consector^, 3667, pursue eageiiy 
evado, 3, asi, surus, go out; escape ; (cf. exeo, 303, egredior, 1459, 

fugio, 2414, pro- 1598) C, V 
navalis, e, (navigium, etc., 3636), naval; (cf. nauticus, 3405, 

maritimus, 3255) C, V 
alacer, cris, ere, (alacritas, 2027), lively; eager; (cf. celeriter, 

46; antonym, Ian guidus, 3351) 
.3760 promptus, a, um, (part, of promo, put forth, rel. to emo, 974), 

ready; (cf. paratus, 2035, expeditus, 514) 
mollis, e, soft; easy; weak; (cf. facilis, 78, tener, 2835) C, V 

Chapter 20 

ex (69), as; (also 313, 423, 95o, 1413, 1525, i543, 2392, 3096) 

aestimo, 1, value ; reckon 

Praeconinus, Pre-co-ni'-nus 
3765 unde^, 1467, whence, from which, from whom 

Manlius, Man'-li-us : (or Mallius) C 

proconsul, ulis, (pro- 3556, consul, ^^^, proconsul 

mediocris, ere, (mediocriter, 186S), moderate ; ordinary; non m., 
no ordinary 

diligentia*, 1939, diligence, care( fulness) C 
3770 adhibeo^, 1195, arW; have present ; invite; employ, exercise 

praeterea^, 1725, besides 

Tolosa, To-lo'-sa, (now Toulouse) 

Carcaso, onis, f., -Car'-ca-so 

Narbo, onis, m., Xar'-bo, (now Narbonne) 
3775 nominatim-^, 1496, hy name ; in detail C 

evoco, (208, con- 960, re- 2907, se- 3699), call out, summon; (cf. 
invito, 1739) 

Sotiates, um, So-ti-a'-tes 

adorior*, 809, attack V 

convallis, is, f., (valles, 3286), enclosed valley V 

119 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

3780 insidiae^, 819, amhush, ambuscade; plots 
disicio*, 1331, throw apart, scatter V 

Chapter 21 

fretus, a, um, relying on (w. abl.) ; (cf. nitor, 820) C, V 
adulescentulus, (adulescens, 2253), very young man C 
efficiS^, 1847, complete, form ; render; accomplish 
3785 tandem^, i355? at length ; in questions and commands, pray 

c,v 

tergum^, 241 1, back 

verto^, 2412, turn 

vinea*, 2748, siege shed 

ago^ 2749, advance C, V 
3790 alias — alias^, 3144, a^ one time — at another 

cuniculus, (rabbit) ; tunnel, mine 

peritus^, 1224, skilled (in), experienced (in), (w. gen.) C 

aeraria, (aes, copper^), copper mine 

sectura, quarry 
3795 proficio^, 181 9, accomplish 

Chapter 22 

intendo, (2763; con- 254, os- 620), stretch out; direct (toward) 

Adiatunnus, Ad-i-a-tiin'-nus 

devoveo, 2, vovi, otus, devote, consecrate ; part, as subst., devoted 
follower 

soldnrius, vassal 
3800 commodum^, 1757, convenience, advantage C 

fmor, 3, f rectus sum, (friictus, 1470, fructuosus, 1536), enjoy, 
(w. abl.) C, V 

conscisco^, 459, adjudge, inflict (upon, dat.) 

adhuc, (hue, 1849), up to this time ; yet C, V 

devoveo^, 3798 C, V 
3805 morior^, 451, die C, V 

tollo^, 478, raise, lift up ; take (aivay) 

concurro*, 2302, gather, rush ; rally to {one*s) aid ; encounter V 

Chapter 23 

Vocates, ium, Vo-ea'-tes 
Tarusates, ium, Tar-u-sa'-tes 

120 



BOOK III 

3810 ver5*, 749, truly, hut C, V 

quoqueversus, adv., (quisque, 484, verto, 2412), in every direc- 
tion; (cf. undique, 310, utrimque, 2336) 

Hispania^, 284, Sjmin C 

inde*, 700, thence, from there, after that C, V 

Sertorius, Ser-to'-ri-us 
3815 intercludo^, 1283, shut off 

instituo*, 889, train, arrange {for) ; start Q, V 

quod (i), "as to which," therefore; (cf. itaque, 102) C, V 

exiguitas^, 2937, scantiness, shortness 

diduco, (dis, 211 ; 67, ad-, in- 298, con- 442, per- 606, e- 686, tra- 
704, ab- 716, sub- 1242, re- 1462, circnm- 1831, de- 2182, 
pro- 2287, intro- 2590, ob- 2664), divide; separate; (cf. 
divido, 211, distribno, 3481, partior, 3480) V 
3820 vagor^, 325, wander 

obsideo, (pos- 1726, super- 2642; consido, 1209; obses, 660), 
besiege; blockade; (cf. oj^pugno, 498, circummunio, 3152) 

supports'*, 1906, bring up 

in dies, " to days " = from day to day C 

augeo^, 1055, increase 
3825 cunctor, 1, (cunctatio, 3723), delay, hesitate; (cf. moror, 121, 
exspecto, 77, dubito, 1008) 

quinf, 403, (but) that; also 1016, 1702, 3718 

decertS^, 2152, have a combat or contest; fight it out 

defero^, 2565, bring down ; give over ; report 

sentio^, 102^, feel, perceive 
3830 -^ostQXUS^, Zg^, following ; latter, rear ; latest, last 

Chapter 24 

produce^, 2287, lead forth; prolong 

duplex*, 3132, twofold, double V 

conicio'^, 3105, gather (Jiurriedly) C, V 

capio'2, 3299, take up, adopt; (also 1158, 260^ 42) 
3835 etsi2, 2224, although 

tuto2, 3595, safely C 

dimico^, 2938, contend, fight C 

obsideo^, 3821, besiege, blockade C, V 

intercludo*, 1283, shut off C,V' 
3840 sarcinae^, 1313, soldiers' packs 

121 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

infirmus, a, um, (firmus, 416), weak; unstable; (cf. levis, 2687, 

languid us, 3351, confectus, 366) 
cogito^, 1686, consider C 
probo^j 397, show, prove ; approve 
produco^, 2287, lead forth; prolong 
3845 cunctatio^, 3723, delay 

alacer^, 3759, lively ; eager V 

efficio^, 1847, complete, form ; render; accomplish 

Chapter 25 

alius — alius^, 626, one — another; the one — the other; plu., 5ome 
— others 

depello, (pro- 908, ap-, etc., 3518), throw down; drive (away), 
dislodge ; (cf. deicio, 621, detrudo, 2946) C, V 
3850 auxiliares, um, m., (auxilia, 39, augeo, 1055), auxiliary troops 

lapis*, 2219, stone V 

subministro^, 1986, supply 

caespes, pitis, m., (rel. to occido, 576), piece of sod, turf V 

species^, 2357, appearance ; show 
3855 praebeo^, 2851, offer, furnish C 

constanter^, 2516, persistently C 

timide, (adj., 1900, timeo, 843), timidly C 

frustra^, 3341, without effect, in vain V 

circum'eo, (sub- 479, eo, 70, in-, etc., 2508, ad- 2634), go around 
3860 ab^, 267, on the side of C, V 

porta decumana^, 3006, i^ear gate (of a camp) C, V (porta) 

Chapter 26 

praefectus^, 1873, (cavalry) commander 

pollicitation, 3712, promise 

excit5^, 3477, arouse ; raise up ; (kindle) C, V 
3865 deveho (2097), take (from their post) 

intritus, a, um, (tero, wear), unwearied; (cf. integer, 3337, in- 
columis, 2463) 

circumduco^, 1831, lead around, draw around 

intend5'^, 3796, stretch out ; direct (toward) C, V 

proruo, (sub- 2615), demolish; (cf. scindo, 3352) 
3870 plane, (adj., 3531), j9/am/?/; (e^ii^Vc/^/) C 

plerumque^, 1964, usually 

122 



BOOK III 

impugno^, 2164, attack 
deicio^ 621, cast down (^froni), disappoint (in) 
campus, plain ; (cf. planities, 2090, ager, 26) C, V 
3875 consector^, 3667, pursue eagerly 
Cantabri, Can^-ta-bri 
consto^ 3372, impers., he certain, he settled; (ahide ; depend 

on) 
vix^j 505, ivith difficulty, hardly C, V 
multa^, as in 1255, late in the 

Chapter 27 

3880 ultro^, 2058, of (one's) own accord 

Tarbelll, Tar-ber-li 

Bigerriones, um, Bi-ger-ri-o'-nes 

Ptianii, Pti-a'-iu-i 

Vocates2, 3808 
3885 Tarusates2, 3809 

Elusates, um, El-u-sa'-tes 

Gates, um, Ga'-tes 

Ausci, Ai^s'-^i 

Garumni, (Garumna, 224), Ga-rum'-ni 
3890 Sibuzates, um, Sib-u-za'-tes 

Cocosates, um, C6e-o-sa'-tes 

hiems^, 3385, winter ; stormy iceatJier 

subsum^, 1360, he near, (be off) C 

Chapter 28 

etsi^, 2224, although 
3895 exigo, (27, red- 2207, ad- 2934 ; cogo, 52 ; navigo, 3404 ; exiguitas, 
2937), (drive out); (enforce [payment, etc.]) ; spend; pon- 
der; (cf. consumo, 733; expello, 2544) C, V 

umquam^, 2041, ever C, V 

ac^, 2877, as ; than C, V 

continens, (part, of 262), hounding, adjacent; (cf. continuus, 
2285, iunctus, 623, ad- 3312) C 

dispergo^, 1973, scatter 
3900 evolo, (pro- 2897), (fly out of) ; rush forth 

deperdo^, 2126, lose 

123 



CAESAR D. B. G. 



Chapter 29 



deinceps, adv., (deinde, 1324, capio, 42), in succession; (cf. inde, 
700) 

caedo, 3, cecidi, caesus, (con- 757, oc- 576, in- 2837, abs- 3640), 
cut; slay ; (cf. scindo, 3352) V 

inermis^, 1957, unarmed V 
3905 imprudens, entis, (prudentia, 2564), off (one's) guard; (cf. 
inopinanS, 755, insciens, 1106) 

materia, wood, lumber 

pro'^, 2184, as 

exstrab'^, 31 S^, pile up ; build V 

pecus, coris, n., cattle ; herd ; meat ; (cf. iiimentum, 356) 
3910 extremus*, 2665, the end(s) of C, Y 

densus*, 2959, thick, dense V 

continuatio, (continuns, 2285), succession 

imber, bris, m., rain(-storm) V 

pellis^, 3228, skin, hide ; leather tent 

3915 Aulerci^, 3253 

Book IV : Chapter 1 

3916 hiems^, 3385, winter ; stormy weather 
Pompeius, ei, Pompey C 
Usipites, um, U-sip'-i-tes 
Tencteri, Tene^-ter-i 

3920 quo {2633) , into ichich 

exsigiib^, 3142, harass ; (censure) 

cultura*, 3697, cultivation C 

gens^, 3101, race, nation; tribe, clan C, V 

bellicosus'^, 670, warlike C 
3925 quotannis^ 1782, yearly (adv.) C, V 

singuli^, 2920, respective ; or 507, one by one, separate C, V 

maneo^, 1779, remain; abide (+ abl. or abl. w. in = by) 

c,v 

alo^, 1060, nourish, cherish, support 
in (340) vicem, (ace. of vicis, change), in turn 
3930 ratio (1477, 2710), science 

separatus, a, um, (separatim, 1138; paro, 355), separate 
ager (26), land C, V 

124 



BOOK IV 

colo, 3, lui, cultus, (in- 212, cultura, 3697, cultus, 229), cultivate ; 
worship, honor C, V 

lac, lactis, n., milk V 
3935 pecus^j 3909? cattle; herd; meat V 

vivo, 3, vixi, victurus, (vita, 968, victus, 161 5), live 

venatio, hunt 

cibus, (cibaria, ^Z2),food C 

genus^, 2293, race, tribe; kind, class 
3940 cotidianus^, 253, daily 

disciplina^, 1952, instruction, knowledge ; training C 

assuefacio, (79, de-, etc., 2701, ampli- 2780, pate- 3210, re- 3366; 
consuesco, 867), accustom (+ abl. = to) 

alo^, 3928 

immanis, e, enormous ; (cf. vastus, 3407, ingens, 1859) C, V 
3945 efficio*, 1847, complete, form ; render; accomplish C, V 

frigidus, a, um, (frigus, 932), cold V 

vestitus, 4, clothing 

pellis^, 3228, skin, hide ; leather tent V 

exiguitas^, 2937, scantiness, shortness 
3950 lavo, lavare, lavi, lautus (part.), lavatum (supine), (inf. lavere 
and part, lotus occur), wash, bathe; here, pass, for re- 
flex. V 

Chapter 2 

vendo^, 3245, sell C, V 

quo, ''by which," because; used for eo quod (172) C, V 

imports*, 239, bring in 

desidero, 1, desire; miss, lose; (cf. cupio, 1079, appeto, 1921, 

volo, 209) C 
3955 quin^, 1016, Jiay ; verily C, V 

iunientum'2, 356, beast of burden 

delecto, 1, delight; (cf. placeo, 1714) C 

impensus, a, um, (part, of impendo, cf. pendo, 1783), w. pretio, 

high 
pretium^, 1048, price C, V 
3960 nascor^, 2864, be born, produced, raised, found (metals, etc.) ; 

arise; rise 
deformis, e, (forma, 3628), misshapen 
cotidianus*, 253, daily 

125 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

desilio, 4, lui, sultum, (in- 2395), leap down, dismount 

proelior^, 2989, tattle, Jiglit (intr.) 
3965 YQstlgmm., trace, footprint ; spot; (instant); (cf. locus, 109) 

assuefacio^, 3942, accustom (+ abl. = to) 

usus**, 1524, use; practice, experience ; advantage ; need C, V 

turpis^, i6g/^, foul, disgraceful C, V 

iners, rtis, lazy; inactive; (cf. tardus, 3038, languidus, 3351) 
C,V 
3970 ephippium, saddle (-cloth) 

quivis^, 3195, any — ivhatever 

ephippiatus, adj. found here only, on saddles 

quamvis, (cf. qui- 3195), however ; (conj., although) C, V 

[sino, 3, sivi, situs, (situs, 3498), permit ; (cf. patior, 532, per- 
mitto, 1546, tolero, 1473)] C, V 
3975 remollesco, 3, (mollis, 3761), become weak 

effemino^, 237, enervate 

Chapter 3 

publice, 930, as a commonwealth C 

laus^, ig^^, praise, renown 

vaco^, 1478, he empty 
3980 ampins^, 1835, great, large ; splendid, noble 

floreo'^, 1^2'/, flourish ; (bloom) C 

captus, 4, (capio, 42), standard (of judgment) 

paulo^^, 2471, (by) a little 

quamquam, although ; (cf. cum, 60, ut, 3451) C, V 
3985 genus^, 2293, race, tribe ; kind, class 

humanus, a, um, (humanitas, 230), human ; refined C, V 

ventito, 1, (venio, 201), keep coming ; (cf. commeo, 236) 

propinquitas^, 2552, nearness; kinship 

assuefacio^, 3942, accustom (+ abl. = to) C 
3990 amplitudo, dinis, f., (amplus, 1835, amplius, 923, 1744), great- 
ness; extent; (cf. auctoritas, 35, dignitas, 2127, magnitude, 
i860) C 

gravitas, (gravis, 1150, graviter, 831), weight; dignity, impor- 
tance C 

vectigalis^, 3410, tributary C 

humilis, e, low; humble; weak; (cf. demissus, 1652) C, V 

infirmus*, 3841, loeak, unstable C 

126 



BOOK IV 

Chapter 4 

3995 causa^, 424, case, cause C, V 

Usipites^, 3918 

Tencteri^, 3919 

Germania, (Germanus, 241), Germany 

triennium, (tres, 13, annus, 31), three years ; (cf. biennium, 367, 
triduum, 1424) 
4000 vagor^, 325, wander 

demigro, (e- 1632), remove (intr.) ; (cf. removeo, 11 28) 

cis^, 2531, on this side of 

dispone^, 609, distribute V 

clam^, 3719, secretly 
4005 custodial, 3140, ^warc?; (^guarding') C, V 

simulo^, 2iyg, pretend C, V 

inscius, a, um, (scio, 178, insciens, 1106, scientia, 2259), ignorant, 
. unaware; (cf. imperitus, 1979; de improviso, 807) V 

inopinans^, 755, surprised, not expecting (it) 

Opprimo^, 2180, overwhelm, crush; attack (unexpectedly) 
4010 metus, 4, fear ; anxiety ; (cf. timor, 1257, terror, 2743) 

remigro, (e- 1632, de- 4001), move hack; (cf. reverter, 595, redeo, 
1512) 

citra^, 750, on this side of 
4013 [quietus, a, um, (part, of quiesco, grow quiet), quiet; peaceful; 

tranquil ; (cf. pacatus, 518, tacitus, 1657)] C, V 
4015 hiems*, 3385, winter; stormy weather C, V 

alo^, 1060, nourish, cherish, sujyport C, V 

Chapter 5 

infirmitas, (infirmus, 3841), weakness; instability; (cf. levitas, 
2503, mobilitas, 2502) 

capio^ 3299, take up, adopt 

mobilis, e, (mobilitas, 2502, mobiliter, 3476; moveo, 122), 
changeable ; quick ; (cf. levis, 2687) 
4020 plerumque^, 1964, usually 

viator, (via, 202), traveler V 

invitus^, 613, unwilling 

vulgus^, 1 1 74, common people, common soldiers V 

circumsisto^, 2304, stand around, rally around ; surround 
4025 pronuntio, (547, e- 420, re- 664, de- 1785), announce ; state 

127 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

auditio, (audio, 36), report ; (cf. rumor, 2482) 

sumnius^, 1723, most important (+ gen., to^ C, V 

vestigium^, 3965, trace, footprint ; spot, instant C, V 

paeniteo, 2, tui, cause to repent ; impersonal, repent, translating 

OBJ. as SUBJ. (w. gen. of thing) C, V 
4030 necesse, indecL, (necessitas, 2736, necessarius, 976, necessario, 

1019), necessary ; (cf. opus, 1724, iisus, 1524) 
incertus, a, um, (certus, 558), uncertain; indefinite; (cf. levis, 

2687) 
servio, 4, ivi or ii, itum, (servus, 182, servitus, 715, servilis, 1948, 

servo, etc., 3219), be a slave; heed, have regard for ; (cf. 

pareo, 1438) C, V 
plerique^, 2540, the most ofthe(m), very many 
ad^, 1765, at, according to 
4035 fingo^, 1884, /orm, mould, compose ; imagine; feign C, V 

Chapter 6 

matiire^, 1708, early, speedily C 

suspicor^, 2178, suspect ; believe 

invito^, 1739, invite ; attract C, V 

vagor*, 325, wander C, V 
4040 Eburones^, 2577 

Condrusi^, 2576 

cliens^, 439, dependent V 

evoco^, 3776, call out, summon 

dissimulo, (cf. 2179), (^pretend different), misrepresent; disguise, 
conceal ; (cf. celo, 3208, abdo, 761, occulto, 1455) C, V 
4045 animus*, II 19, /eeZm^5; (30) C, V 

permulce5, 2, Isi, sus (Ictus), soothe ; appease V 

Chapter 7 

prior^, 2735, /ormer; in front ; first (like adv.) C, V 
trado, 195, hand down C, V 

deprecor^, 3182, beg for (as a) favor ; beg deliverance (from) C 
4050 invitus*, 613, unwilling C, V 

eicio, (de- 621, re- 1319, dis- 1331, ob- 1402, con- 1404, sub- 1409, 

pro- 1433, in- 2237, circum- 2605, inter- 2846, ad- 2935 ; 

2608), drive (out) ; (wreck) ; (cf. expello, 2544, exigo, 3895, 

extrudo, 3514) 

128 



BOOK IV 

utilis, e, (utor, 200, iisus, 1524), useful; (cf. ex usu, 1525) C 
attribuo^ 812, assign, attribute ; bestow C 

possido, 3, sedi, sessus, (con- 1209; contrast possideo, 1726), take 
possession of; (cf. occupo, 384, potior, 308) 
4055 relicus, 249, 1200, else C 

Chapter 8 

videor^, 2924, seem good, seem best C, V 
exitus^, 3419, e^ctt/^e; outcome; conclusion C, V 
verus^, 1036, true, right C, V 

tueor, (in- 1653; part. adj. tutus, 2595), (behold') ; protect ; (cf. 
defendo, 706, euro, 788, conservo, 2757) C, V 
4060 alienus^, goo, aiiother's, unfavorable ; foreign 
vaco^, 1478, be empty V 
praesertim^, 979, especially C 

Chapter 9 

propius^, 2215, nearer (-f ace.) 

aliquot^, 3283, several C 
4065 praedor^, 2834, plunder 

frumentor, 1, (frumentum. By), procure grain, forage 

Ambivariti, Am-bi-var'-i-ti 

Mosa, ae, m., jMeuse (river) 

mora^, 2788, delay 
4070 interpono^, 2071, interpose; let pass ; passive, intervene 

Chapter 10 

profluo, (519, in- 599; but no sui>me), flow forth 
Vosegus, i, m., Yos'-ges 
Vacalus, Waal (Yal) River 
Batavi, Ba-ta'-vi 
4075 Lepontii, Le-pon^ti-i 

Mediomatrices, um, (or ci, corum), Med-i-o-mat'-ri-9es 
citatus, a, um, (part, of cito ; in- 446, ex- 3477)? sivift ; as if adv., 

swiftly; (cf. celeriter, 46, alacer, 3759; antonym, tardus, 

3038) 
plures^, 1337, several 
diffluo, (pro- 4071, in- 599, 519), flow apart, divide; (cf. scindo, 

3352, divido, 211) C 

K 129 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

4080 [defluo, (dif- ^o'jg^^floio down; pass away'] V 

ingens^, 1859, great, enormous, vast C, V 

piscis, is, m..,Jish; (cf. pecus, 3909) 

ovum, egg 

avis, is, f., bird V 
4085 vivo2, 3936, live C, V 

caput, 43, head, i.e. mouth (of a river) 

Chapter 11 

magnopere, 811, verg much; or 1820, zealously 

oro^, 1 187, entreat, ask 

antecedo^, 2^06, precede ; excel; anticipate 
4090 fero, 80, = offero, 2927, offer, present ; bring C, V 

eodem^, 441, to the same place (or end) 

illo, (old dat. of ille, 8), to that place, thither ; that (w. eodem) 

mora^, 2788, delay C, V 

interpono^, 2071, interpose; let pass; passive, intervene 
4095 aquatio, (aqua, luater) , procuring water ; (cf . f rumentor, 4066) 

huc^, 1849, hither 

posterus*, Sg/\, following ; latter, rear ; latest, last C, V 

frequens, entis, repeated; plu., m large numbers, crowded; (cf. 
creber, 2481, confertus, 13 18) 

praefectus^, 1873, (cavalry) commander 
4100 antecedo^, 4089 

quoad, conj., as long as; until 

Chapter 12 

ubi (197) primum (1323), as soon as (= cum primum, 3435) C 
amplius*, 1744, further, any more; superl., most generously ; 

(923) C, V 
octingenti*, ae, a, DCCC = 800 
4105 f rumentor 2, 4066, procure grain, forage 
Mosa*, 4068, Meuse 
paulo*, 2471, (by) a little C 
indiitiae, arum, f., truce 
desilio^, 3963, leap down, dismount 
4110 suffodio, 3, fodi, fossus, (fodio, dig; cf. fossa, 605), undermine; 
stab underneath; (cf. subruo, 2615, cimiculos agere, III, 
21) 

130 



BOOK IV 

deiciof, 621, cast down (^frorn), disappoint (in) 

septuaginta*, LXX = 70 

Aquitanus, sing, of Aquitani, 215 

amplus^, 1835, great, large ; splendid, noble C, V 
4115 genus (22gs) , fa?nily 

nascor^, 2864, be born, produced, raised, found ; arise ; rise C, V 

avus^, 782, grandfather C, V 

quoad^, 4101, as long as ; until C 

cado^, go4, fall (in battle) C, V 
4120 excedo^, 3041? withdraw 

procuP, 3158, /ar off, at a distance C, V 

offero^, 2927, offer, present ; bring 

Chapter 13 

dolus2, 818, trick(ery) V 

insidiae*, 819, ambush, ambuscade ; plots C, V 
4125 ultro^, 2058, of (one's) own accord 

augeo^ 1055, increase C, V 

dementia, (mens, 1869), -madness, folly ; (cf. furor, 1933) C, V 

infirmitas^, 4017, weakness, instability 

sentio^, 102^, feel; perceive 
4130 capiof, 3299, take up, adopt 

communico, 1, (communis, 1544), sha?^e ; impart (cum = to) ; (cf. 
partior, 3480) C 

praetermitto, (praeter, 474, 2279; mitto, 118, com- 822, prae- 
895, di- 1028, ad- 1237, e- 1352, inter- 1419, a- 1471, per- 
1546, de- 1652, re- 2135, sub- 2618, ob- 2855, intro- 3242), 
let pass ; (cf. neglego, 1760) C 

mane, adv., in the morning ; (cf. prima luce, 1231) C 

simulation, igSi, pretense, pretext C 
4135 perfidia, (fides, 410), (faithlessness) ; treachery; (cf. dolus, 818) 

iitor^, 31 16, shoio 

frequens^, 4098, repeated ; plu., in large numbers, crowded C, V 

maior natu^, 2760, older; eldest; plu. comp., elders 

adhibe5^ 1195, add; have present ; invite; employ, exercise C, V 
4140 simul — simul, 1 135, at the same time — and 

purgo^, 1463, pardon, clear C, V 

contra^, 1051, opposite, in opposition C, V 

atque^, 1488, to what, as C,V 

131 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

pridie*, 1280, on the day before C 
4145 indutiae^, 4108, truce 

fallo^, 2698, deceive, disappoint ; elude C, V 
offero^, 2927, offer ; present; bring C, V 
gaudeo, 2, gavisus sum, rejoice C, V 
subsequor^, iTi^j, follow closely 

Chapter 14 

4150 squHo*, 102/^, feel ; perceive C, V 

-ne (127), in indirect question, whether C, V 

adversus (1095), as prep. w. ace, against; (cf. contra, 2148, 
in, 98) 

an^, 2008, 2271, whether ; or ; sometimes untranslated C, V 

praesto^, 1003, be better 
4155 fremitus^, 3014, din V 

concursus^, 634, running together, onset C, V 

pristinus^, ^oQ, previous 

perfidia^, 4i35,/azYA/e55nes5 ; treachery 

irrumpo, (per- 632, e- 3367, prae- 3639), break in(to) ; rush 
in(to) V 
4160 paulisper^, 2631, /or a little while C, V 

excedo*, 3041, withdraw C, V 

passim, adv., (rel. to pando, 2373, passus, 343), in every direc- 
tion; (cf. undique, 310, ubique, 3677, utrimque, 2336) V 

consector*, 3667, pursue eagerly 

Chapter 15 

tergum^, 241 1, back 
4165 abicio, (de- 621, e-, etc., 4051), throw down or aside 

militaris*, e, (res militaris, 1223), military C 

me eicio, (eicio, 4051), rush forth; (cf. erumpo, 3367) C, V 

confluens, entis, f., (fluo, 519, flumen, 84), junction (of two 
rivers), confluence 

praecipito, 1, (praeceps, 301 1), hurl headlong] rush or fall head- 
long; (cf. deicio, 621) V 
4170 lassitude^, 2^^/^, fatigue 

opprimo^, 2180, overwhelm, crush ; attack (unexpectedly) 

pereo^, 2434, perish C, V 

ad unum, to the man 

132 



BOOK IV 

incolumis^, 2463, unhurt, safe; unimpaired 
4175 ex^, 950, after 

caput^, i^os, person C, V 
supplicium'^, 1118, jmnishmeiit C, V 
vexo*, 856, molest C, V 

Chapter 16 

Germanicus, a, um, (Germ anus, 241, Germania, 3998), German 
4180 iustus (21 12), cogent, adequate C, V 

impello^, 19355 drive forward ; urge on; instigate C, V 

Usipites*, 3918 

Tencteri*, 3919 

praedor*, 2834, plunder 
4185 frumentor^, 4066, procure grain, forage 

inter'sum^, 926, intervene; impers., he to the interest (of, gen.); 
have a part in (+ dat.) C 

Sugambri, Sii-gam'-bri 

finio, 4, (finis, 83, finitimus, 326, 1062), limit; end (trans.); 
(cf. intercludo, 1283, con- 3456) 

aecus^, 2094, even ; equal ; fair C, V 
4190 cur^ 1922, why? C, V 

Transrhenani, peoples across the Rhine 

magnopere^, 811 or 1820, very much, zealously 

oro^, 1 187, entreat, ask C, V 

veP, 3609, or C, V 
4195 occupatio, (occnpo, 384), employment ; (cf. opera, 3057, opus, 144, 
labor, 2195) 

modo, adv., (rel. to modus, 1762; non modo, 937), only ; just; 
(cf . solum, 777, tantummodo, 3364) 

copia*, 961, number C, V 

Chapter 17 

. decerno^, 3273, decree ; vote ; decide 
etsi^ 2224, although 
4200 ^xo^om"^, g8g, set hef ore, set forth; disclose ; present C, V 
rapiditas, swiftness ; (cf . celeritas, 2308, alacritas, 2027) 
aliter^, 2875, otherwise V 
tignum, timber, beam ; (cf . trabs, 3136) 
bini^, 3656, two {each) 

133 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

4205 sesquipedalis, e, (pes, 151), (of a) foot and a half 

paulum^, 2328, a little 

imus^, 2867, 3742, the hottom of the, the base of (it) C, V 

praeacutus^, 3135? sharpened (on the end) 

dimetior (2892), proportion 
4210 inter se, (to) each other; compare I, 1 

machinatio^, 3 161, machine 

immitto, (118, praeter-, etc., 4132), let down or in(to) ; let loose ; 
send against 

defigo, (trans- 1340, con- 3549, af-3625), (fasten down) ; plant C, V 

fistuca, pile-driver 
4215 adigo^, 2934, drive (to) ; (push forward) ; hurl; (hind by oath) 

sublica, pile 

derecte, (rel. to rego, 3574), straight 

ad*, 1765, at, according to 

perpendiculum, (rel. to impendeo, 510) , plumb-line 
4220 prone, inclined 

fastigate, (adj., 2660), sloping 

secundum (1685), in the direction of 

natura (311), current C 

procumbo^, ^oyi, fall down, lie down; lean V 
4225 contrarius^, 2866, opposite, on the other side 

ad^, 3177, after, in C, V 

quadrageni, ae, a, (quadraginta, 3^5)^ forty each 

insuper, adv., (supra, 1306), above ; (besides) ; (cf . praeterea, 
1725) V 

bipedalis, e, (bis, 3506, pes, 151), two foot 
4230 trabs^, 3136, beam, timber V 

immitto"2, 4212, let down or in(to) ; let loose ; send against 

quantum (1020), ellipsis of tantum, as much as 

tignum^, 4203, timber, beam 

iunctura, (iungo, 623) , fastening V 
4235 disto, stare, (prae- 305, in- 957, con- 3372), stand apart ; be dis- 
tant ; have as intei^val ; (cf . absum, 232) V 

bini^, 3656, two (each) C, V 

utrimque^, 2336, on each side, on both sides 

fibula, (rel. to defigo, etc., 4213)5 (clasp); brace V 

ab (267) extrema (271) parte (145)5 "on the outmost part" = 
at their upper ends 

134 



BOOK IV 

4240 distineo^, 2588, keei? apart; keep away 

discludo, (inter- 1283, con- 3456; 1366), hold apart 

contrarius^, 2866, opposite, on the other side C, V 

revincio^, 3559? l:>ind (hack) , fasten V 

firmitudo^, 3586, strength ; stability 
4245 hoc — quo, in that degree — in which, the — the; (cf. eo — quo, 
830) 

aqua*, (aquatio, 4095), water C, V 

arte, closely 

illigo, (de- 2424), hind fast 

derectus, a, um, (adv., 4217), straight 
4250 materia"^, 3906, icood, lumber 

inicio^, 2237, (^<^sl upon, place upon; cast at; inspire into 

contexo, (in- 3225), (iceave together); join; (cf. coniungo, 
1812) V 

longurius^, 3626, long pole 

CY3ites, is, L, bundle of twigs, fascine 
4255 c5nsterno, 3, stravi, atus, streiv over ; cover over V 

nihil5 setius^, 2325, none the less 

sublica^, 4216, J9^7e 

oblique, slantwise 

pro*, 2184, as; (333, 3184, 3556, 3581) 
4260 aries"2, 3199, buttress; (ram) ; battering-ram V 

subicio'-, 1409, throw under; place below; (expose; throw up) 

excipio^, 1389, take up, capture; receive; meet; 3534, cope with 

c,v 

supra, prep. w. ace, (adv., 1306), above V 

mediocris^, 3768, moderate ; ordinary C 
4265 arbor*, 2836, tree V 

truncus, trunk V 

-ve2, 1751, or V 

[immitto^, 4212, let down or in(to) ; let loose ; send against"] C, V 

minuo^, 1167, lessen C 
4270 neu^, 1749, ''or that not," and that not C, V 

noceo^ 3585, do harm (+ dat.) C, V 

Chapter 18 

materia^, 3906, wood, lumber 
firmus*, 416, strong, stable C, V 

135 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

Sugambri*, 4187 
4275 libeiaLlitex'^, 2581, graciously ; generously 

exporto, (475, de-, etc., 3519)^ carry out; export C 
s51itudo, dinis, f., (solus, 1031), loneliness ; wilderness C 
abdo^, 761, hide (often reflex.) 

Chapter 19 

succido, (oc- 576 ; caedo, etc., 3903), cut down 
4280 comperio*, 1236, ascertain C 

demigrS^, 4001, remove (intr.) C 

uxor^, 1072, wife C 

depono^, 857, lay aside, put away 

medius**, 1300, (in) the middle (of); (in) the midst (of) C, V 
4285 hie, (cf. 7), adv., here, in this place C, V 

decerto*, 21*52, have a combat or contest ; fight it out 

metus^, 4010, fear, anxiety C, V 

inicio^, 2237, cast upon, place upon ; cast at ; inspire into C, V 

ulciscor^, 780, avenge C, V 
4290 obsidio, (obsideo, 3821; obses, 660), blockade; siege; oppression 

c,v 

libero*, 1,, (liber, 2192, libere, 1033, liberi, 714, libertas, 1012), 
free; (cf. eripio, 444, expedio, 514) C 

consiimo^, 733, use up ; spend C, V 

laus^, 1944, praise, renown C, V 

utilitas, (litor, 200, iisus, 1524, iitilis, ^0^2) , usefulness ; advan- 
tage C 
4295 proficio^, 18 19, accomplish Q. 

rescindo^, 556, tear down V 

Chapter 20 

exiguus, a, um, (exigo, 3895, exiguitas, 2937), scanty; small; 

(cf. parvus, 146, brevis, 1988) C, V 
etsi*, 2224, although C, V 
septentrio^, 270, great dipper or bear ; north 
4300 vergo^, 269, be situated 

subministro^, 1986, supply 

diQ^cio^, 2^01, fail; revolt C, V 

modo^, 4196, only; just 

genus*, 2293, race, ?n6e ; kind, class; (also 4115) C, V 

136 



BOOK IV 

4305 incognitus, a, um, (cognosce, 51), unknown 

temere^, 1923, rashly C 

illo^, 4092, to that place, thither 

ora*, 3403, coast C, V 

n5tus, a, um, (part, of nosco, 3453), (well-^hiown 
4310 [evoco^, 3776, call out, summon] V 

institutum^, 221, (national) custom C 

Chapter 21 

periculum^, 1940, trial C, V 

navis longa^, 3427, war-ship, galley 

explore^, 2551, ^n<i out; reconnoiter ; (also 3736) C, V 
4315 quam primuin^, 2007, as soon as possible C 

traiectus, 4, (iacio, etc., 260S), passage ; (cf. navigatio, 3449) 

huc^ 1849, hither 

Veneticus^, 3729, with (of) the Veneti 

perf, 853, by (means of) ; (by, in swearing) 
4320 Britanni, (Britannia, 2562), Britons 

obtempero, (cf. 584), heed ; (cf. pareo, 1438, servio, 4032) C 

liberaliter^, 2^81, graciously ; generously 

permaneo^, 1658, persist, continue C 

Commius, -Gom'-mi-us 
4325 consilium^, igy y, prudence ; scheming C, V 

probo^, 397, show, (ap)2)rove C, V 

fidelis, e, (fides, 410, confido, i2S/[) , faithful C 

sequor (181), aspire to C, V 

quantum^, 4232, as much as C,Y 

Chapter 22 

4330 excus5, (re- 1592, in- 1916 ; causa, 45), excuse 

imperitus^, 1979, unskilled, inexperienced (+ gen. = in) 
opportune, (adj., 1535, n., 3520), advantageously ; (cf. commode, 

1346) 
tergum*, 241 1, back V 
tantulus^, 3167, such small 
4335 occupation, 4195, employment 

anteponS, (153, dis- 609, de- 857, pro- 989, inter- 2071, im- 

2080, prae- 2474), place before; give preference (dat. = 

over) C 

137 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

navis oneraria, (onus, 3172), transport {vessel) ; (cf. navis longa, 

3427) 

contraho^, 1729, draw together, assemble; diminish; bring about, 
incur C, V 

quot (1500), with ellipsis of tot (3472), as many as; (cf. quan- 
tum, 4232) C, V 
4340 praeterea*, 1725, besides C, V 

navis longa*, 3427, ivar-ship, galley 

praefectus*, 1873, (cavalry) commander C 

distribuo^, 3481, distribute, divide ; assign C 

hiic (1849), to these 
4345 a^, 2635, aivay, off 

quo minus^, 1593, so that not C 

Sulpicius Rnfus, Sul-pf -ci-us Rufus S., C 

Chapter 23 

nanciscor^, 2425, happen upon ; meet with 
navigo*, 3404, sail C, V 
4350 solvo, (per- 776), loosen, free, relax ; pay ; untie (a ship) =set sail 
conscendo, (a- 1219, tran- 3659), (inount) ; embark upon V 
tarde, (adj., 3038), slowly C 
expono, (ante-, etc., 4336), set forth; explain; disembark 

(trans.) ; array; (cf. instruo, 1244, egredior, 1459) 
anguste, (adj., 338, 3046; angustiae, 643), narrowly, closely; 

(sparingly) 
4355 [angustus^, 338, narrow'] 

litus, toris, n., shoj^e ; (cf . ora, 3403) 

adigo^, 2934, drive (to) ; (push forward) ; hurl ; (bind by 

oath) V 
nequaquam, (ne, 810, quisquam, 1124), by no means; (contrast 

nequiquam, 3093) 
in ancoris (3555), at anchor V 
4360 ratio^, 2710, consideration ; (3930) C, V 

celer, eris, ere, (adv., 46, celerit'as, 2308), quick, swift; (cf. velox, 

2296, promptus, 3760, citatus, 4077) V 
instabilis, e, (related to consto, etc., 3372), unstable, unsteady; 

(cf. mobilis, 4019, infirinus, 3841) 
motus, 4, (moveo, 122), movement; disturbance; (cf. tumultus, 

1949) 

138 



BOOK IV 

nutus^, 1627, nod ; sign, command C 
4365 nanciscor^, 2425, happen upon, meet with 
toll5, 478, 2072, weigh 
planus^, 3531, flat; plain 
litus^, 4356 

Chapter 24 

essedanius, soldier ivJio flghts from a war-chariot 
4370 pleijumque*, 1964, usually C 

subsequor^ 2727, follow closely 

altum (3503), deep water V 

c5nstituo (352), moor C, V 

ignotus, a, um, (notus, 4309, ignosco, 2206), unknown; (cf. in- 
cognitus, 4305) C, V 
4375 onus*, 3172, weight ; burden; load, cargo C, V 

[opprimo^, 2180, overwhelm, crush ; attack (unexpectedly)'} C, V 

simulf, 1 135, at the same time 

desilio^, 3963, leap down, dismount 

fluctus^, 3539? ^'«^'e 
4380 aridum, dry land 

paulum*, 2328, a little C, V 

[paululum^, 2649, a very littW] 

membrum, limb C, V 

notus^, 4309? (well-)known 
4385 insuef actus, a, um, (rel. to assuefacio, 3942), trained 

imperitus^ 1979, unskilled, inexperienced (+ gen. = iii) C 

utor^ 3116, show ; (2153, 200) C, V 

[nitor^, 820, rest {on), depend (upon) ; advance, strive'] V 

Chapter 25 

species^ 2357, appearance ; show C, V 
4390 inusitatus^, 3175, unusual C 

motus^, 4363, movement ; disturbance C, V 

navis oneraria^, 4337? transport (vessel) 

remus^, 3579, oar V 

funda, (funditor, 2624), sling 
4395 sagitta, (Sagittarius, 2623), aj^row V 

tormentum^, 2667, hurling machijie ; (torture) 

propello^, 908, drive forth, drive off 

139 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

submoveo^, 1386, drive away, dislodge V 

figura, (rel. to fingo, 1884), shape, form ; (cf. forma, 3628) V 
4400 [modo^, 4196, on/!/; yt/5^] C, V 

pedem refero'^, i359j retreat 

cunctor^, 3825, delay, hesitate V 

aquila, eagle C 

obtestor, 1, (testis, 891, testamentum, 1894, testimonium, 2165), 
(call to wit7iess) ; beseech; (cf. obsecro, 1149, imploro, 1591, 
oro, 1 187, rogo, 569, peto, 152) 
4405 [contestor, (ob- 4404), call to icitness'] 

feliciter, (felix, licis, happy, felicitas, 2003), happily , fortunately ; 
(cf. bene, 2199) 

evenio, (201, con- 538, per- 553, circum- 1374, in- 2420, de- 2929, 
ob- 2977 ; eventus, 2967), result ; happen; (cf. accido, 833) V 

desilio*, 3963, leap down, dismount 

inquam, is, it, defective v., say ; (cf. dico, 63, loqiior, 1205) C, V 
4410 commilitio, onis, m., (miles, 117), fellow-soldier 

•prodo^ 825, ^' give forth,'' transmit, betray C, V 

certe, (adj., 558), certainly ; at least; (cf. vero, 749) C, V 

meus*, a, um, (cf. gen. of ego, 21), my, mine C, V 

praesto, (305), show, i.e., do 
4415 magnus (m), loud C, V 

me proicio, (cf. 1433), rush forivard C, V 

inter se^, 4210, (to) each other V 

dedecus, coris, n., disgrace; dishonor; (cf. indlgnitas, 2772, tur- 
pitiido, 3078) C 

admitto^, 1237, admit, let in; let go ; permit, commit C, V 
4420 iiniversus^, 3244, all, ivhole 

desilio*, 3963, leap down, dismount 

subsequor*, 2727, follow closely 

Chapter 26 

serv5^, 3219, save ; watch ; maintain C, V 

firmiter, (firmus, 416, firmitiido, 3586, confirmo, 364)?/^^^^; 
steadily 
4425 insists^, 3085, step upon; stand; pursue, prosecute 
alius alia*, 1876, one, one — another, another 
aggrego, 1, gather ; join (trans.) ; (cf. iungo, 623, colligo, 1341) C 
magnopere^, 811, very much C 

140 



BOOK IV 

notus^, 4309, (weU')Jcnoivn C, V 
4430 litus^, 4356, shore V 

aliquis*, 835, cuiy one, anything ; some one, something C, V 

singularis^, 3019, singly C 

plures*, 1337, several C, V 

circumsist5^, 2304, stand around, rally around ; surround 
4435 universus^, 3244, all, whole 

scapha, small boat ; (cf . linter, 744) 

speculatorius, a, um, (speculator, 2721, speculor, 2272), scout- 

navigium^, 3636, vessel V 

laboro^, 1561, toil, strive (fo?^) ; be anxious ; be in distress C 
4440 submitto^, 2618, (let down) ; send (secretly) ; supply 

simul, (1135, 4140), AS soox as. (this is usually simul atque) ; 
(cf . cum primum, 3435) C, V 

aridum^, 4380, dry land 

do (65), w. in fugam, put C, V 

prosequor^, 2SS2, follow up, pursue ; accompany ; honor C, V 
4445 pristinus^ 806, previous C, V 

Chapter 27 

simul atque, as soon as, (cf. 4441) C, V 

statim*, 24sg, forthwith C 

Commius-, 4324 

Atrebas, atis, (plu., 2568), Atrebatian 
4450 orator, (oro, 1187, oratio, 408), speaker ; ambassador ; (cf. lega- 
tus, 107) 

defero^, 2565, bring down; give over; report 

comprehendo^, 3634, grasp, catch ; apprehend C, V 

culpa, fault ; blame C, V 

multitude (334), common people ; (cf. vulgus, 1174) C 
4455 imprudentia, (pmdentia, 2564, impriidens, 3905), thoughtless- 
ness 

ignosco^, 2206, pardon (+ dat.) C 

ultro^, 2058, of (one's) oicn accord C, V 

continens, entis, f., (contineo, 262), the Continent 

longincus^, 2260, distant; long-continued C, V 
4460 remigro^, 401 1, move back 

commendo, (mando, 758), entrust; (cf. dedo, 2789, committo, 
822) C, V 

141 



CAESAR D. B. G. 

Chapter 28 

tollo*, 478, raise, lift up ; take (aivay^ C, V 

lenis, e, (adv., 2659, lenitas, 738), gentle ; (cf. mollis, 3761) C, V 

solvo^, 4350, loosen, free, relax ; pay ; untie (a ship) = set sail 
4465 coorior^, 3389, arise, spring up V 

alius — alius*, 626, one — another; the one — the other; plu. 
some — others C, V 

eodem^, 441, to the same place (or end) C 

unde*, 1467, ivhence,from which, from whom C, V 

propius^, 2215, nearer C, V 
4470 deicio (621), drive down C, V 

fluctus^, 3539, wave V 

adversus (1095), against C 

proveh5, (sub- 945, de- 2097, 2098), carry forward V 

continens^, 4458, the Continent 

Chapter 29 
4475 plenus2, 3300,/iiZ/ C, V 

incognitus^, 4305, unknown V 

ciir5*, 788, care for, arrange C, V 

aridum^, 4380, dry land 

subdiico^, 1242, draiv up (ships) ; (^withdraw) V 
4480 oneraria^, 4337? transport 

deligo^, 2424, ^' bind from," hind to, tie 

afQicto^, 3510, ^055; shatter; distress C 

auxilior, 1, (auxilium, 39), render aid ; (cf. iuvo, 1429) 

frango^, 1586, break, crush, shatter C, V 
4485 funis^, 3557, rope V 

armamenta^, 3643, rigging 

inutilis*, 2808, useless C, V 

necesse^, ^0^0, necessary C, V 

perturbatio, (perturbo, 1870), distress; disorder; (cf. tumultus, 
1949) 
4490 facio^, 2718, cause 

reporto, (im- 239, ex-, etc., 4276), carry hack, hring hack; (cf. 
refero, 1358) C, V 

reficio^, 3366, repair ; refresh 

consto*, 3372, impers., he certain, settled; (ahide ; depend on) 
C,V 

142 



BOOK IV 

Chapter 30 

exiguitas*, 2937, scantiness^ shortness 
4495 angustus*, 338, narrow ; (3046) V 
duco^, 369, consider C, V 
produce*, 2287, lead forth; jirolong V 
reditus*, 4, (reditio, 477, redeo, 15 12), return C, V 
clam^, 3719, secretly C, V 

Chapter 31 

4500 eventus (2967), fate C, V 

suspicor*, 21785 suspect; believe C 

afQigo, (con- 2589, pro- 2986, afflicto, 3510), damage; cast down 
(figuratively) ; overthrow C, V 

materia*, 3906, wood^ lumber 

aes, aeris, 11., (aeraria, 3793), bronze C, V 
4505 reficio^, 3366, repair ; refresh C 

continens^, 4458, the Continent 

Chapter 32 

ex^, 2392, according to 

f riimentor^, 4066, procure grain, forage 

interpono^, 2071, interpose, let pass ; passive, intervene 
4510 ventito'2, 3987, keep coming 

s\.3iiio'^, 2Z'j2, guard{ post), picket V 

pulvis, veris, m., dust V 

in2, 4359, at C, V 

c5nfestim, adv., icith haste; (cf. celeriter, 46, statim, 2459) C 
4515 aegre^, 792, with difficulty C 

confertus^, 1318, dense, crowded together, {stuffed) C, V 

demet5, 3, messui, sus, mow down ; (cf. caedo, 3903) 

hue*, 1849, hither ; (4344) C, V 

delitesco, 3, litui, (lateo, 2894), intr., hide {away) ; (cf. abdo, 
761, occulto, 1455, celo, 3208) V 
4520 dispergo*, 1973, scatter C, V 

depono*, 857, lay aside, put away Q, V 

meto, (de- 4517), reap V 

incertus*, 4031, uncertain, indefinite C, V 

essedum, (essedarius, 4369), war-chariot 
4525 cixcwoi'^o^, i^^Si put around, surround C, V 

143 



CAESAK D. B. G. 

Chapter 33 

perequito, 1, (eques, 71, ecus, 73), ride or drive about- 

terror*, 2743, dread C 

strepitus^, 2713, din, rattling C, V 

rota^, 1406, ivlieel V 
4530 turma, squadron (of thirty) C, V 

(me) insinuo, 1, work {one's) way in V 

proelior*, 2989, tattle, Jight 

auriga, ae, m., charioteer V 

currus, 4, (decurro, etc., 2899, cursus, 2311), chariot ; (cf. esse- 
dum, 4524, raeda, 1405, carrus, 357) 
4535 receptus, 4, (me recipio, 726), retreat 

mobilitas^, 2502, changeaUeness ; quickness, activity V 

stabilitas, (instabilis, 4362), steadiness; (cf. firmitudo, 3586, 
constantia, 1955) C 

praesto*, 305, excel; show ; (also looi, 1003) C, V 

declivis^, 2858, sloping (down) 
4540 praeceps^, 301 1, headlong, hasty ; steep C, V 

sustine5 (1297), control C 

moderor, 1, (modus, 1762), restrain; manage; (cf. tempero, 584, 
rego, 3574) 

flecto, (in- 1343), tend, turn ; prevail upon, appease C, V 

per, (148, 853, 2226), over C, V 
4545 temo, onis, m., pole, tongue (of a wagon) 

percurro, 3, cucurri or curri, cursurus, (ac- 1238, oc- 1709, con- 
2302, pro- 2387, de- 2899), run through; run along V 

insisto^, 3085, step upon ; stand ; pursue, prosecute V 

currus2, 4534 C, V 

cito, citius, citissime, (citatus, 4077, incito, 446), quickly, etc. ; 
(cf. celeriter, 46, confestim, 4514) C, V 

Chapter 34 
4550 novitas, (novus, 137, renovo, 3297), newness; strangeness V 

alienus^, 900, another's ; unfavorable ; foreign C, V 

continuus^, 2285, {continuous), successive C 

praedico^, 1862, proclaim, declare C 

praeda, (praedor, 2834.) , plunder 
4555 facio (79, 785, 1475, 2718), get. C, V 

in perpetuum (1752) (tempus), " for continuous time " = forever C 

144 



BOOK lY 

peditatus, 4, (pedes, 2065, pes, 151, pedester, 2831), infan" 
try 

Chapter 35 

efhigio, (per- 1442, pro- 1598; 2414), escape; (cf. vito, 1201, 

caveo, 838) C, V 
nanciscor^, 2425, happen upon ; meet with 
4560 Commius^, 4324 
Atrebas^, 4449 
verto*, 2412, turn V 

Chapter 36 

duplico, 1, (duplex, 3132), double 

continens*, 4458. the Continent 
4565 propincus^, 977, near V 

aequinoctium, (aecus, 2094, nox, 138), equinox 

navigation, 3449? sailing ; voyage C 

subicio^, 1409, throw under, (^ place below ; expose) ; throw up C, V 

nanciscor^, 2425, happen upon ; meet with C 
4570 solvo^, 4350, loosen, free, relax ; pay ; untie (a ship) = set sail 

c,v 

incolumis^, 2463, unhurt, safe ; unimpaired C, V 
(navis) oneraria^, 4337, transport (vessel) 
capio, (42, 1 1 58, 3299)? T^^^ch C, V 

infra, adv., (inferus, 274), below ; (also prep. w. ace.) 
4575 defero*, 2565, bring down; give over ; report C, V 

Chapter 37 

expono^, 4353, set forth ; explain ; disembark (trans.) ; (array) 

c,v 

praeda^, 4554, plunder C, V 

circumsisto^, 2304, stand around, rally around ; surround 
pono, (153, 936), lay down C, V 
4580 orbis, is, m., circle C, V 

[occido, 3, di, casiirus, (con-, etc., 3641, occasus, 286), fall, he 

slain ; (cf . pereo, 2434, and synonyms there)] C, V 
abicio-, 4165, throw down or aside C 

145 



CAESAR D. B. G. 



Chapter 38 



siccitas, drouth (plu., same) 

perfugium, (perfugio, 1442, perfuga, 1464), refuge; (cf. recep- 
tus, 4535) C 
4585 succido^, 4279, cut down 

abd5^, 761, hide (often reflex.) C, V 
ex*, 2392, according to C, V 
supplicatio^, 3272, thanksgiving C 
decerno^, 3273, decree ; vote ; decide C, V 



146 



MAY 23 ^912 



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